File:Double-strand break repair pathway models.png
Size of this preview: 738 × 600 pixels. Other resolutions: 295 × 240 pixels | 591 × 480 pixels | 945 × 768 pixels | 1,260 × 1,024 pixels | 1,600 × 1,300 pixels.
Original file (1,600 × 1,300 pixels, file size: 473 KB, MIME type: image/png)
File information
Structured data
Captions
Summary
editDescriptionDouble-strand break repair pathway models.png |
English: (Left panel): Canonical C-NHEJ. The heterodimer Ku80-Ku70 binds to DNA ends, which then recruits DNA-PKcs. In subsequent steps, several proteins including Artemis, polynucleotide kinase (PNK), and members of the polymerase X family process the DNA ends. In the last step, ligase IV associated with its co-factors Xrcc4 and Cernunos/XLF joins the ends. (Right Panel): Resection as a common initiation step for HR and A-EJ at DSB. 53BP1, RIF1 and Ku70-80 heterodimer protect DSB ends from resection and HR and A-EJ actions. The CDK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of CtIP and EXO1 favors the initiation of resection and extension, respectively. Recently, REV7/MAD2L2 was described as an inhibitor of resection and HR, although its role in A-EJ inhibition was not directly studied and remains hypothetical. A short ssDNA resection allows for A-EJ but not homologous recombination, while a long ssDNA resection allows for both A-EJ and HR; however, HR requires the presence of homologous sequences. Recently, POLQ polymerase was shown to inhibit HR and to promote A-EJ at DSBs. A-EJ results in repair that is error-prone and is associated with deletions at the repair junctions with frequent use of microhomologies that are distant from the DSB. Alternative-EJ: Parp1 plays a role in the initiation process, and it has been proposed that a single-strand DNA resection reveals complementary microhomologies (two to four nucleotides or more in length) that can anneal, with gap-filling completing the end-joining. A-EJ is always associated with deletions at the junctions and can involve microhomologies (MMEJ or microhomologies-mediated EJ) that are distant from the DSB. Subsequently, Xrcc1 and ligase III (which can be substituted by ligase I) complete the A-EJ process. Homologous recombination: The first step, which is the initiation of resection, involves the removal of ~50–100 bases of DNA from the 5' end by the MRN complex (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) in conjunction with CtIP. The second step, resection extension, is carried out by two alternate pathways involving either the 5' to 3' exonuclease EXO1 or the helicase-topoisomerase complex BLM-TOPIIIα-RMI1-2 in concert with the nuclease CtIP/DNA2. WRN helicase has also been shown to act with CtIP and to stimulate resection in human cells.[1] |
Date | |
Source | https://doi.org/10.3390/genes6020267 |
Author | Camille Gelot, Indiana Magdalou, and Bernard S. Lopez |
This biology image could be re-created using vector graphics as an SVG file. This has several advantages; see Commons:Media for cleanup for more information. If an SVG form of this image is available, please upload it and afterwards replace this template with
{{vector version available|new image name}} .
It is recommended to name the SVG file “Double-strand break repair pathway models.svg”—then the template Vector version available (or Vva) does not need the new image name parameter. |
Licensing
editThis file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 23:05, 24 May 2020 | 1,600 × 1,300 (473 KB) | Rob Hurt (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by Camille Gelot, Indiana Magdalou, and Bernard S. Lopez from https://doi.org/10.3390/genes6020267 with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
File usage on other wikis
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on en.wikipedia.org
- Usage on fa.wikipedia.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Image width | 1,600 px |
---|---|
Image height | 1,300 px |
Color space | sRGB |
Width | 1,600 px |
Height | 1,300 px |
File change date and time | 08:54, 24 May 2020 |
Date metadata was last modified | 08:54, 24 May 2020 |
Horizontal resolution | 157.48 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 157.48 dpi |