File:Eero Järnefelt (1863-1937)- Under the Yoke (Burning the Brushwood) - Raatajat rahanalaiset - Kaski - Trälar under penningen - Sved (31948645643).jpg
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editDescriptionEero Järnefelt (1863-1937)- Under the Yoke (Burning the Brushwood) - Raatajat rahanalaiset - Kaski - Trälar under penningen - Sved (31948645643).jpg |
EERO JÄRNEFELT (1863–1937) Under the Yoke (Burning the Brushwood) 1893 Oil 131.00 cm x 164.00 cm Finnish National Gallery / Ateneum Art Museum Inv. no. A I 514 Photo: Finnish National Gallery / Yehia Eweis The painting depicts an old method of agriculture. Burning existing vegetation used to be a common method for making soil fertile for cultivation. The picture, which Järnefelt partly painted outdoors, shows peasants toiling at a slash-and-burn site in Savo. Later the artist also used photographs he had taken of people and landscapes as reference. One of the photos was of Johanna Kokkonen, a 14-year-old girl who participated in the burning; she served as the model for the little girl in the painting. The title of the painting is an allusion to a line in the Kalevala about a little maid servant. The European trends of realism and naturalism were eagerly adopted in Finland. Instead of the former idealising manner, subjects were now depicted without trying to conceal poverty or deformity. When this painting was exhibited, its poignant motif sparked a debate about the rights of the poor. This painting is Järnefelt’s most famous work and an icon of the golden age of Finnish art, and one of the period’s most socially critical depictions of common people. Eero Järnefelt studied at St Petersburg Academy of Arts and later at the Académie Julian in Paris. He is known for his panoramic landscape views, but he also treasured the tiniest details of nature as equally valuable subjects. He was even an accomplished portraitist. Nature and reality were the true inspirations for Järnefelt’s art. EERO JÄRNEFELT (1863–1937) Raatajat rahanalaiset / Kaski 1893 Öljy 131.00 cm x 164.00 cm Kansallisgalleria / Ateneumin taidemuseo Inv. no. A I 514 Kuva: Kansallisgalleria / Yehia Eweis Maalaus kuvaa vanhaa viljelysmenetelmää. Kaskeamalla eli puut polttamalla saatiin hedelmällistä viljelysmaata. Järnefelt maalasi kuvauksen savolaisen maatalonväen raskaasta aherruksesta osittain ulkona, kaskiaukiolla. Hän käytti maalaustyön edetessä apunaan myös malleista ja maisemista ottamiaan valokuvia. Hän oli valokuvannut kaskenpoltossa myös 14-vuotiasta Johanna Kokkosta, josta tuli maalauksen pikkutytön malli. Teos on nimetty kansalliseepos Kalevalan säkeen mukaan: ”Tuop’ on piika pikkarainen, raataja rahanalainen”. Eurooppalaisen taiteen realistiset ja naturalistiset virtaukset välittyivät vahvoina myös Suomeen. Ihannoivan esitystavan sijaan kohteet maalattiin köyhyyttä tai rujoutta peittelemättä. Tunteisiin vetoava teos herätti jo valmistumisensa aikoihin keskustelua köyhän väestön oikeuksista, ja se onkin yksi yhteiskuntakriittisimmistä suomalaisista kansankuvauksista. Teos on Järnefeltin tunnetuin ja yksi Suomen taiteen kultakauden ikoni. Eero Järnefelt opiskeli Pietarin taideakatemiassa ja sittemmin myös Pariisissa Académie Julianissa. Järnefelt tunnetaan laajoista panoraamamaisemista, mutta yhtä lailla luonnon pienimmätkin yksityiskohdat olivat hänelle arvokkaita kuvauskohteita. Hän maalasi myös paljon hienoja muotokuvia. Luonto ja todellisuus olivat Järnefeltille maalaustaiteen todelliset lähteet. EERO JÄRNEFELT (1863–1937) Trälar under penningen / Sved 1893 Olja 131.00 cm x 164.00 cm Finlands Nationalgalleri / konstmuseet Ateneum Inv. no. A I 514 Foto: Finlands Nationalgalleri / Yehia Eweis Målningen beskriver en gammal odlingsform. Genom svedjebränning, det vill säga genom att bränna träd, röjdes bördig odlingsmark. Järnefelt målade delvis jordbruksarbetarnas tunga arbete i Savolax på platsen där sveden pågick, men allt eftersom arbetet framskred använde han sig också av fotografier han tagit av modellerna och landskapet. På sveden hade han även fotograferat 14-åriga Johanna Kokko som blev modell för flickan på målningen. Verket fick sin finska titel Raatajat rahanalaiset från en strof i folkeposet Kalevala som på svenska lyder: Pohjagårdens legopiga. De realistiska och naturalistiska strömningarna som rådde på konstfältet i Europa nådde också Finland. Istället för att idealisera skulle motivet målas utan att dölja fattigdom eller vanförhet. Målningen vädjar till folks känslor, och redan när målningen hade blivit färdig väckte den diskussion om den fattiga befolkningens rättigheter. Den hör till de mest samhällskritiska finländska folklivsskildringarna. Verket är Järnefelts mest kända och en av ikonerna från den finländska konstens guldålder. Eero Järnefelt studerade på konstakademin i S:t Petersburg och senare också på Académie Julian i Paris. Järnefelt är känd för sina vida panoramalandskap, men han fann lika gärna värdefulla motiv i naturens minsta detaljer. Han målade också många fina porträtt. Naturen och verkligheten var de viktigaste källorna i Järnefelts måleri. |
Date | |
Source | Eero Järnefelt (1863-1937): Under the Yoke (Burning the Brushwood) / Raatajat rahanalaiset / Kaski / Trälar under penningen / Sved |
Author | Finnish National Gallery |
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