File:Efflorescence in brick work.jpg
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editDescriptionEfflorescence in brick work.jpg |
English: White deposits of salts are sometimes found in the brickwork, known as efflorescence. Efflorescence is caused by the crystallization of water-soluble salts on the surface of brickwork. These deposits besides being unsightly may also damage the brickwork by disintegrating its surface or destroying individual bricks. Water finds access to brickwork, moves along the brick pores by capillary action and carries with it dissolved salts. As the solution evaporates from the exposed surface of the brickwork the salts are left as deposits on the surface or on layers just below it. Usually sulfates of magnesium, potassium, sodium, and calcium cause efflorescence. These salts may also be formed due to the effect of the atmosphere on limestones used in combination with bricks or by the inner action between brick and mortar. Contamination with sea water, either directly or through wind is another possible source.
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Source | Own work | ||
Author | RASHIKA AGARWAL |
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This image was uploaded as part of Wiki Loves Monuments 2018.
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current | 06:32, 2 September 2018 | ![]() | 3,200 × 2,400 (2.38 MB) | RASHIKA AGARWAL (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | OPPO |
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Camera model | A33f |
Exposure time | 1/33 sec (0.03030303030303) |
F-number | f/2 |
ISO speed rating | 120 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:35, 11 January 2018 |
Lens focal length | 2.93 mm |
Width | 3,200 px |
Height | 2,400 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Windows |
File change date and time | 09:07, 2 September 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:00, 8 December 2002 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 5.058 |
APEX aperture | 2 |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure index | 0 |
Scene control | Low gain up |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 05:05 |
GPS date | 11 January 2018 |
Date metadata was last modified | 14:37, 2 September 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:C9C9375061AEE8119DA39FBE5D6B4D8A |