File:Ellora, cave 10, teaching Buddha (9841499104).jpg
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DescriptionEllora, cave 10, teaching Buddha (9841499104).jpg |
Ellora, cave 10, teaching Buddha Ellora is an archaeological site in the Indian state of Maharashtra built by the Rashtrakuta dynasty. It is also known as Elapura (in the Rashtrakuta literature-Kannada). Well known for its monumental caves, Ellora is a World Heritage Site. Ellora represents the epitome of Indian rock-cut architecture. The 34 "caves" are actually structures excavated out of the vertical face of the Charanandri hills. Buddhist, Hindu and Jain rock-cut temples and viharas and mathas were built between the 5th century and 10th century. The 12 Buddhist (caves 1–12), 17 Hindu (caves 13–29) and 5 Jain (caves 30–34) caves, built in proximity, demonstrate the religious harmony prevalent during this period of Indian history. It is a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India. The Buddhist caves were built during the 5th-7th century. It was initially thought that the Buddhist caves were one of the earliest structures, created between the fifth and eighth centuries, with caves 1-5 in the first phase (400-600) and 6-12 in the later phase (mid 7th-mid 8th), but now it is clear to the modern scholars that some of the Hindu caves (27,29,21,28,19,26,20,17 and 14) precede these caves. All the Buddhist caves were constructed between 630-700. These structures consist mostly of viharas or monasteries: large, multi-storeyed buildings carved into the mountain face, including living quarters, sleeping quarters, kitchens, and other rooms. Some of these monastery caves have shrines including carvings of Gautama Buddha, bodhisattvas and saints. In many of these caves, sculptors have endeavoured to give the stone the look of wood. Cave 10 is a vihara with eight cells, four in the back wall and four in the right wall. It had a portico in the front with a cell. Possibly it served as a granary for other viharas. The Vishwakarma (Cave 10) is the only chaitya griha amongst the Buddhist group of caves. It is locally known as Vishwakarma or Sutar ka jhopda "carpenter's hut". It follows the pattern of construction of Caves 19 and 26 of Ajanta. On stylistic grounds, the date of construction of this cave is assigned to 700 A.D. The chaitya once had a high screen wall, which is ruined at present. At the front is a rock-cut court, which is entered through a flight of steps. On either side are pillared porticos with chambers in their back walls. These were probably intended to have subsidiary shrines but not completed. The pillared verandah of the chaitya has a small shrine at either end and a single cell in the far end of the back wall. The corridor columns have massive squarish shafts and ghata-pallava (vase and foliage) capitals. The main hall is apsidal on plan and is divided into a central nave and side aisles by 28 octagonal columns with plain bracket capitals. In the apsidal end of the chaitya hall is a stupa on the face of which a colossal 3.30 m high seated Buddha in vyakhyana mudra (teaching posture) is carved. A large Bodhi tree is carved at the back. The hall has a vaulted roof in which ribs have been carved in the rock imitating the wooden ones. (source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellora_Caves) |
Date | |
Source | Ellora, cave 10, teaching Buddha |
Author | Arian Zwegers from Brussels, Belgium |
Camera location | 20° 01′ 15.6″ N, 75° 10′ 46.8″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 20.021001; 75.179667 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Arian Zwegers at https://flickr.com/photos/67769030@N07/9841499104. It was reviewed on 8 March 2016 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
8 March 2016
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current | 20:10, 8 March 2016 | 3,456 × 5,184 (7 MB) | Shipjustgotreal (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS 550D |
Exposure time | 1/30 sec (0.033333333333333) |
F-number | f/3.5 |
ISO speed rating | 3,200 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:57, 3 January 2013 |
Lens focal length | 18 mm |
Image title |
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Orientation | Rotated 90° CW |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Picasa |
File change date and time | 22:22, 16 February 2013 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:57, 3 January 2013 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 5 |
APEX aperture | 3.625 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 53 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 53 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 53 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 5,728.1767955801 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 5,808.4033613445 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Unique image ID | 325801f0c9011d1de8a9d99336938a02 |
IIM version | 4 |