File:Florian Gate 13.jpg
![File:Florian Gate 13.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Florian_Gate_13.jpg/398px-Florian_Gate_13.jpg?20181213152756)
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Summary
editDescriptionFlorian Gate 13.jpg |
English: St Florian's Gate or ‘Florian Gate’ in Kraków, Poland, is one of the best-known Polish Gothic towers, and a focal point of Kraków Old Town.
The tower, first mentioned in 1307, had been built as part of a protective rampart around Kraków after the Tatar attack of 1241 which destroyed most of the city. The permit for the construction of new city defenses featuring stone watchtowers, fortified gates and a moat was issued by Prince Leszek II the Black in 1285. The gate named after St Florian became the main entryway to the Old Town. It was connected by a long bridge to the circular barbican (Barbakan) erected of brick on the other side of the moat. The Gate was manned by the Kraków Furriers Guild. According to records, by 1473 there were seventeen towers defending the city; a century later, there were thirty-three. At the height of its existence, the wall featured forty-seven watchtowers and eight gates. Also, in 1565–66 a municipal arsenal was built next to St Florian's Gate. The Gate tower is 33.5 metres tall. The Baroque metal "helmet" that crowns the gate, constructed in 1660 and renovated in 1694, adds another metre to the height of the gate. “Brama Floriańska” is the only city gate, of the original eight built in the Middle Ages, that was not dismantled during the 19th-century ‘modernization’ of Kraków. The adjoining city walls and two additional smaller towers had been preserved and today host street displays of amateur art. The south face of St Florian's Gate is adorned with an 18th-century bas-relief of St Florian. The tower's north face bears a stone eagle that was carved in 1882 by Zygmunt Langman, based on a design by painter Jan Matejko. Inside the gate is an altar with a late-Baroque copy of a classicist painting of the Piaskowa Madonna.The Scotch Mist Gallery contains many photographs of historic buildings, monuments and memorials of Poland. Polski: Brama Floriańska, Krakowa. Galeria Mist Scotch zawiera wiele zdjęć zabytkowych budowli, pomników i miejsc pamięci w Polsce. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Scotch Mist |
Camera location | 50° 03′ 51.15″ N, 19° 56′ 14.9″ E ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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Licensing
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 15:27, 13 December 2018 | ![]() | 4,000 × 6,016 (6.04 MB) | Scotch Mist (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D3200 |
Exposure time | 1/320 sec (0.003125) |
F-number | f/10 |
ISO speed rating | 400 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:55, 22 September 2018 |
Lens focal length | 18 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | GIMP 2.8.2 |
File change date and time | 17:19, 8 November 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:55, 22 September 2018 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.6 APEX (f/3.48) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 10 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 27 mm |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.3.0.0 |