File:Frost on Cottonwood Trees (46952392721).jpg

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NPS/Patrick Myers

  1. ScienceSaturday - How are the spectacular frost displays in the San Luis Valley formed?

All frost requires water vapor in the air over cold ground with a surface dew point below freezing. When floating water vapor molecules contact a subfreezing surface (trees, grass, cars, etc.) they transition from a gas state to solid state, a process known as "deposition", leading to a coating of tiny ice crystals.

This explains the typical light frost seen throughout the U.S., but in the San Luis Valley, heavy frosts commonly occur in winter months, with frost crystals reaching over an inch (2 cm) long. What conditions make this possible?

Unlike most mountain valleys where cold air and moisture can easily migrate away down stream drainages, the San Luis Valley is essentially a flat, closed air basin. Frigid air settles off surrounding alpine mountains each winter evening, pooling on the valley floor below. (This is why Alamosa is often the coldest location in the U.S.) These temperature inversions, with icy air on the surface and warmer air above, trap and promote thick fog in subzero temperatures. Large crystals grow overnight, making for a winter wonderland!
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Source Frost on Cottonwood Trees
Author Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

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Public domain This image or media file contains material based on a work of a National Park Service employee, created as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, such work is in the public domain in the United States. See the NPS website and NPS copyright policy for more information.


This image was originally posted to Flickr by Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve at https://flickr.com/photos/94707653@N06/46952392721. It was reviewed on 1 January 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the Public Domain Mark.

1 January 2022

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current11:49, 4 October 2021Thumbnail for version as of 11:49, 4 October 20214,608 × 3,456 (4.32 MB)Ltn12345 (talk | contribs)Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons

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