File:Gardens at Chateau de Versailles, France (8132658193).jpg
Original file (3,870 × 2,570 pixels, file size: 5.78 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary edit
DescriptionGardens at Chateau de Versailles, France (8132658193).jpg |
From the central window of the Hall of mirrors the visitor look down on the grand perspective that leads the gaze from the Water Parterre to the horizon. This original perspective, which preceded the reign of Louis XIV, was developed and prolonged by the gardener André Le Nôtre by widening the Royal Path and digging the Grand Canal. This vast perspective stretches from the façade of the Château de Versailles to the railings of the park. In 1661, Louis XIV commissioned André Le Nôtre with the design and laying out of the gardens of Versailles which, in his view, were just as important as the Château. The works were undertaken at the same time as those for the palace and took forty years to complete. But André Le Nôtre did not work alone: Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Superintendent of the King’s Buildings, directed the project from 1664 to 1683; Charles Le Brun, appointed First Painter of the King in January 1664, produced the drawings for a large number of statues and fountains; and, a little later, the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart drew up increasingly understated scenic plans and built the Orangerie. Lastly, the King had all the projects submitted to him and wanted the “details of everything”. The laying out of the gardens required enormous work. Vast amounts of earth had to be shifted to lay out the flower beds, the Orangerie, the fountains and the Canal, where previously only woods, grasslands and marshes were. The earth was transported in wheelbarrows, the trees were conveyed by cart from all the provinces of France and thousands of men, sometimes whole regiments, took part in this vast enterprise. Since 1992, the gardens have been gradually replanted, and after the devastating storm of December 1999, the work speeded up to such an extent that quite a few sections have already been restored to their original appearance. |
Date | |
Source | Gardens at Chateau de Versailles, France |
Author | Michal Osmenda from Brussels, Belgium |
Camera location | 48° 48′ 17.58″ N, 2° 07′ 13.76″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 48.804884; 2.120490 |
---|
Licensing edit
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 3 February 2013 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 03:11, 3 February 2013 | 3,870 × 2,570 (5.78 MB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr by User:russavia |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
File usage on other wikis
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on uk.wikipedia.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
---|---|
Camera model | NIKON D300 |
Author | Michal Osmenda |
Copyright holder |
|
Exposure time | 1/320 sec (0.003125) |
F-number | f/9 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:38, 21 July 2012 |
Lens focal length | 28 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4.2 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 16:56, 28 October 2012 |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:38, 21 July 2012 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.321928 |
APEX aperture | 6.33985 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 66 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 66 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 42 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 8017691 |
Lens used | 17.0-55.0 mm f/2.8 |
Date metadata was last modified | 17:56, 28 October 2012 |
Unique ID of original document | DB2706B2D4578256CAB3F318ED92F872 |
Copyright status | Copyrighted |
Keywords |
|
Contact information |
|
IIM version | 4 |