File:Gossan (Flambeau Mine, Rusk County, Wisconsin, USA) 2.jpg
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Summary
editDescriptionGossan (Flambeau Mine, Rusk County, Wisconsin, USA) 2.jpg |
English: Gossan is a porous rock rich in iron hydroxy-oxide minerals. It forms by oxidative weathering of various sulfide deposits - in this case, a volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in Wisconsin.
VMS deposits appear to have formed at ancient seafloor hydrothermal vents (“black smoker” environments) in or near mid-ocean ridges. These deposits principally contain various sulfide minerals and can be economically significant. The gossan seen here is decomposed from sulfide-rich rocks of Wisconsin's Flambeau VMS Deposit. Unweathered rocks in the area have pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, and other sulfides - many of these are copper ores. The Flambeau Deposit was mined out for its copper in the 1990s. The rocks here also have a little finely-disseminated gold. The Flambeau VMS Deposit is Paleoproterozoic in age. The sulfides are hosted in metamorphosed volcanic rocks (metadacites & metarhyodacites) of the Pembine-Wausau Terrane. This terrane was a volcanic island arc (analagous to modern-day Japan or the Aleutian Islands) that collided with the southern margin of the Superior Craton during the Penokean Orogeny (1.85 to 1.86 billion years ago). The metallic orange-colored patches and tiny specks in this sample are native copper, so the rock can be called a cupriferous gossan. Locality: Flambeau Mine, just south of the town of Ladysmith, central Rusk County, northwestern Wisconsin, USA (45º 26’ 28” North latitude, 91º 07’ 01” West longitude) See info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gossan |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50674948292/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50674948292. It was reviewed on 3 December 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
3 December 2020
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current | 19:55, 3 December 2020 | 2,163 × 1,639 (2.25 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50674948292/ with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 23:13, 2 December 2020 |
Lens focal length | 11.614 mm |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 18.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 02:29, 3 December 2020 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 23:13, 2 December 2020 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.90625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 21:29, 2 December 2020 |
Unique ID of original document | 40053C628B3FED4B4DD723BEF9A39B14 |