File:Historic Ireland - Glasnevin Cemetery Is a Hidden Gem And Well Worth a Visit (5545428444).jpg
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DescriptionHistoric Ireland - Glasnevin Cemetery Is a Hidden Gem And Well Worth a Visit (5545428444).jpg |
If you want to see many different examples of the celtic cross then Glasnevin Cemetery is the place to go. In Ireland, it is a popular legend that the Celtic Catholic cross was introduced by Saint Patrick or Saint Declan during his time converting the pagan Irish, though no examples survive from this early period. It has often been claimed that Patrick combined the symbol of Christianity with the sun cross, to give pagan followers an idea of the importance of the cross by linking it with the idea of the life-giving properties of the sun. However this theory is now thought unlikely by most art historians, who think an origin from crosses carrying a victor's wreath around their intersection is more likely. The earliest versions of the cross were carved onto slabs that laid flat on the ground and were called Recumbent cross-slabs. But, they gradually evolved into carvings on upright slabs (Erect cross-slab), sometimes depicted with a slightly rounded top. Both versions are always decorated intricately with typical Celtic patterns; spirals, knot work, foliage, keys, Biblical tales and animals. The most recent evolution of the Celtic cross's depiction is a free standing, statuesque Celtic cross, rather than being simply a carving on a slab. The cross was effectively now "freed" from the stone, so these versions are known as Freestanding crosses. And the arms of the cross were made longer, so they extended the circle, with the inner shapes between the arms and the circle being cut away. And this cross is most commonly seen in the form of gravestones in Irish churchyards or as war memorials all over Britain. The Celtic Revival of the mid-19th century led to an increased use and creation of Celtic crosses in Ireland. In 1853 casts of several historical high crosses were exhibited to interested crowds at the Dublin Industrial Exhibition. In 1857, Henry O'Neill published Illustrations of the Most Interesting of the Sculptured Crosses of Ancient Ireland. These two events stimulated interest in the Celtic cross as a symbol for a renewed sense of heritage within Ireland. New versions of the high cross were designed as fashionable cemetery monuments in Victorian Dublin in the 1860s. From Dublin the revival spread to the rest of the country and beyond. Since the Celtic Revival, the ringed cross became an emblem of Celtic identity, in addition to its more traditional religious symbolism. Alexander and Euphemia Ritchie, working on the Isle of Iona in Scotland from 1899 to 1940, popularized use of the Celtic Cross in jewellery. |
Date | |
Source | Historic Ireland - Glasnevin Cemetery Is a Hidden Gem And Well Worth a Visit |
Author | William Murphy from Dublin, Ireland |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by infomatique at https://flickr.com/photos/80824546@N00/5545428444. It was reviewed on 22 February 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
22 February 2022
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current | 21:09, 21 February 2022 | 3,056 × 4,592 (9.64 MB) | SeichanGant (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | SONY |
Camera model | NEX-5 |
Exposure time | 1/320 sec (0.003125) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:54, 19 March 2011 |
Lens focal length | 22 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpc |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpc |
Software used | NEX-5 Ver.02 |
File change date and time | 01:01, 21 March 2011 |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:54, 19 March 2011 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.321928 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
APEX brightness | 8.87 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 33 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Width | 3,056 px |
Height | 4,592 px |
Image width | 3,056 px |
Image height | 4,592 px |
Lens used | E 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 OSS |
Date metadata was last modified | 23:05, 20 March 2011 |
IIM version | 2 |