File:Hoodia juttae (7480142064).jpg
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Afrikaans: Hoodia is 'n genus bestaande uit 13 spesies in die blomplantfamilie Apocynaceae, wat onder die subfamilie Asclepiadoideae resorteer. Hierdie stamsukkulente word as "kaktusvormig" beskryf vanweë hul merkwaardige ooreenkoms met die onverwante kaktusfamilie. Hulle kan tot 1 meter hoog word en bring groot blomme voort. Dié is oorwegend bruin gekleurd met 'n sterk reuk.
Hoodia juttae is inheems aan Namibië. Hoodia word tradisioneel deur die San-mense (Boesmans) van die Namib-woestyn as 'n eetlusdemper gebruik, as deel van hul veldkennis vir oorlewing in die uitdagende woestyntoestande. In 'n bekende geval van bio-afrokkeling het bioprospekteerders van Suid-Afrika se Raad vir Wetenskaplike en Nywerheidsnavorsing besef dat die plant bemarkbaar is en die gebruik daarvan as 'n eetlusdemper gepatenteer sonder om die San se tradisionele aansprake op die kennis van die plant en sy gebruike te erken. Die patent is later aan Unilever verkoop wat Hoodia-produkte as dieetaanvullings bemark het. In 2003 het die Suid-Afrikaanse San-raad 'n ooreenkoms met die WNNR aangegaan waarin hulle van 6 tot 8% van die inkomste uit verkope van Hoodia-produkte sou ontvang, geld wat in 'n fonds gestort sou word om grond te koop vir die San, mense wat deur wit setlaars van hul lande ontneem is. Baie Hoodia-spesies is beskermde plante, tipies van die Namib-woestyn, wat voorkom van Sentraal-Namibië tot suidelike Angola, veral in vlaktes en rotsagtige gebiede. Algemene name sluit "Boesmanshoed" en "Koningin van die Namib" in. Verskeie spesies word as tuinplante gekweek, en een spesie, Hoodia gordonii, word ondersoek vir gebruik as 'n eetlusdemper. In 2008 het die VK-gebaseerde Unilever PLC, een van die grootste verpakte voedselfirmas ter wêreld, egter planne laat vaar om Hoodia in 'n reeks dieetprodukte te gebruik. In 'n dokument op Unilever se webwerf getiteld "Volhoubare Ontwikkeling 2008: 'n Oorsig," onderteken deur Paul Polman, HUB, sê Unilever: "Gedurende 2008, nadat hulle 20 miljoen [pond] in navorsing en ontwikkeling belê het, het Unilever planne laat vaar om die verslankingsekstrak Hoodia in 'n reeks dieetprodukte te gebruik. Ons het die projek gestaak omdat ons kliniese studies aan die lig gebring het dat produkte wat Hoodia gebruik nie aan ons streng standaarde vir veiligheid en doeltreffendheid sal voldoen nie. Hoodia word tans in Bylaag II van die Konvensie oor Internasionale Handel in Bedreigde Spesies van Wilde Fauna en Flora (CITES) gelys, wat spesies insluit wat nie tans as bedreigd beskou word nie, maar in gevaar sou wees indien handel nie beheer word nie.English: Hoodia is a genus of 13 species in the flowering plant family Apocynaceae, under the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. They are stem succulents, described as "cactiform" because of their remarkable similarity to the unrelated cactus family. They can reach up to 1m high and have large flowers, often with tan colour and strong smell.
Hoodia juttae is native to Namibia. Hoodia is traditionally used by the San people (Bushmen) of the Namib desert as an appetite suppressant as part of their indigenous knowledge about survival in the harsh desert conditions. In a well known case of biopiracy, bioprospectors from South Africa’s Council for Scientific and Industrial Research realized that the plant was marketable and patented its use as an appetite suppressant without recognizing the Sans' traditional claims to the knowledge of the plant and its uses. The patent was later sold to Unilever who marketed Hoodia products as diet supplements. In 2003 the South African San Council made an agreement with CSIR in which they would receive from 6 to 8% of the revenue from the sale of Hoodia products, money which would be deposited in a fund to purchase land for the San people who had been dispossessed from their lands by white settlers. Many Hoodia species are protected plants, typical of the Namib Desert, ranging from Central Namibia to southern Angola, especially in plains and rocky areas. Common names include "Bushman's Hat" and "Queen of the Namib". Several species are grown as garden plants, and one species, Hoodia gordonii, is being investigated for use as an appetite suppressant. However, in 2008 UK-based Unilever PLC, one of the largest packaged-food firms in the world, abandoned plans to use Hoodia in a range of diet products. In a document on Unilever's website entitled "Sustainable Development 2008: An Overview," signed by Paul Polman, CEO, Unilever states: "During 2008, having invested 20 million [pounds] in R&D, Unilever abandoned plans to use the slimming extract Hoodia in a range of diet products. We stopped the project because our clinical studies revealed that products using hoodia would not meet our strict standards of safety and efficacy." Hoodia is currently listed in Appendix II to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which includes species not currently considered endangered but are at risk if trade is not controlled. |
| Date | |
| Source | Hoodia juttae |
| Author | Leonora Enking from West Sussex, England |
| Camera location |  | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap |  |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by wallygrom at https://flickr.com/photos/33037982@N04/7480142064. It was reviewed on 3 March 2016 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
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| current | 02:02, 3 March 2016 | | 640 × 480 (88 KB) | Josve05a (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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