File:ISS048-E-071898 Channel Country, Northwest Queensland.jpg
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editDescriptionISS048-E-071898 Channel Country, Northwest Queensland.jpg |
English: Myriad, overlapping river channels distinguish what is known in Australia as the Channel Country. An astronaut on the International Space Station took this photograph of the area in northwest Queensland where the channels flow south toward Lake Eyre.
The floodplain includes hundreds of channels, as the Georgina, Burke, and Hamilton rivers merge into the very broad floodplain of Eyre Creek (more than 30 kilometers across). Landscapes in the Channel Country are generally very flat and drainage is poor, which encourages wetlands to form. The densest vegetation and the concentrated channels form a semi-permanent wetland at the meeting point of the rivers. These wide Australian floodplains are unique on the planet. Scientists think they are caused by the extreme variation in water and sediment discharges from the local rivers. In many years there is no rainfall at all, so these rivers are effectively non-existent. In years of modest rainfall, the main channels will carry water, with some neighboring channels carrying minor floodwater. (That water can remain for months in narrow waterholes known as billabongs.) But every few decades, the floodplain needs to carry extremely high discharges of water. These heavy floods come from tropical storms to the north and can inundate the entire width of the floodplain. On such occasions, the floodplain appears as series of brown water surfaces with only tree tops indicating the location of the islands. To avoid such floods, highways are built outside the floodplains wherever possible. In this image, the straight line of the major local highway, the Boulia-Bedourie Road, is set well away from the floodplain.Deutsch: Myriaden überlappender Wasserläufe markieren das Gebiet, das in Australien als Channel Country bekannt ist. Ein Astronaut an Bord der Internationalen Raumstation (ISS) fertigte diese Photo des Gebietes im nordwestlichen Queensland an, wo die Flußläufe dem südlicher gelegenen Lake Eyre zuströmen.
Das Überschwemmungsland besteht aus hunderten von Wasserläufen, da Georgina River, Burke River und Hamilton River sich in einem mehr als 30 Kilometer breiten Tal zum Eyre Creek vereinigten. Die Landschaft des Channel Country ist allgemein sehr flach und die Fließgeschwindigkeit langsam, sodaß die Bildung von Feuchtgebiete begünstigt wird. Die verdichtete Vegetation und die Konzentration der Flußläufe bildet ein halbpermanentes Sumpfgebiet, wo sich die drei Flüsse treffen. Diese weiten australischen Überschwemmungsgebiete sind einzigartig auf der Welt. Die Wissenschafter glauben, daß ihre Bildung verursacht wird durch die extremen Unterschiede zwischen Abflussmenge und Sedimentation aus den verschiedenen Flüssen, die teilweise gar nicht als solche existieren. In Jahren mäßigen Niederschlags führen die Hauptläufe viel Wasser, während die Nebenläufe nur wenig Wasser führen. (In letzteren kann Wasser monatelang in kleinen Tümpeln stehenbleiben, die als Billabongs bekannt sind.) Doch alle paar Jahrzehnte strömt extrem viel Wasser in die Landschaft. Diese schweren Überschwemmungen haben ihren Ursprung in tropischen Stürmen im Norden Queensland und können die gesamte Breite des Tales unter Wasser setzen. Bei solchen Gelegenheiten ist die Überschwemmungsebene eine Reihe bräunlicher Gewässer, aus denen nur die Baumspitzen hervortreten und so die Lage von Inseln andeuten. Damit die Straßen von solchen Überschwemmungen nicht beeinträchtigt werden, baut man die Landstraßen, soweit möglich, außerhalb der Überschwemmungsebene. In diesem Bild ist die gerade Linie der lokalen Hauptstraße, der Boulia-Bedourie Road, ein gutes Stück entfernt von der Überschwemmungsebene. |
Date | |
Source | http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=88889&eocn=image&eoci=moreiotd |
Author | Astronaut photograph ISS048-E-71898 was acquired on September 5, 2016, with a Nikon D4 digital camera using a 500 millimeter lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 48 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by M. Justin Wilkinson, Texas State University, Jacobs Contract at NASA-JSC. |
Other versions | (File:ISS048-E-071898 Channel Country, Northwest Queensland (annotated).jpg) |
Licensing
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This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) | ||
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current | 20:22, 22 October 2016 | 2,464 × 1,640 (819 KB) | Matthiasb (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description ={{en|1=Myriad, overlapping river channels distinguish what is known in Australia as the Channel Country. An astronaut on the International Space Station took this photograph of the area in northwest Queensland where the c... |
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- Commons:Photo challenge/2020 - June - Rainwater drainage
- Commons:WikiProject Aviation/recent uploads/2016 October 22
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- File:ISS048-E-071898 Channel Country, Northwest Queensland (annotated).jpg
- File:ISS048-E-71898 - View of Queensland.jpg (file redirect)
- Category:Channel Country
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D4 |
Exposure time | 1/800 sec (0.00125) |
F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 06:20, 5 September 2016 |
Lens focal length | 500 mm |
User comments | NASA 2071134 72.6F |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC 2014 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 14:08, 7 October 2016 |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 06:20, 5 September 2016 |
APEX shutter speed | 9.643856 |
APEX aperture | 7.400879 |
APEX exposure bias | −1.3333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 5.3 APEX (f/6.28) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 10 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Focal plane X resolution | 1,368.888885498 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 1,368.888885498 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 500 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 2071134 |
Lens used | 50.0-500.0 mm f/4.5-6.3 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 10:08, 7 October 2016 |
Unique ID of original document | 510726621D59C7E7EBDAC49D1191949A |
IIM version | 25,710 |