Title: Brehm's Life of animals : a complete natural history for popular home instruction and for the use of schools. Mammalia Identifier: brehmslifeofanim1896breh Year: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookyear1896">1896</a> (<a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookdecade1890">1890s</a>) Authors: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorBrehm_Alfred_Edmund_1829_1884">Brehm, Alfred Edmund, 1829-1884</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorPechuel_Loesche_Edward_1840_1913">Pechuel-Loesche, Edward, 1840-1913</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorHaacke_Wilhelm_1855_1912">Haacke, Wilhelm, 1855-1912</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorSchmidtlein_Richard">Schmidtlein, Richard</a> Subjects: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectMammals">Mammals</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectAnimal_behavior">Animal behavior</a> Publisher: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookpublisherChicago_Marquis">Chicago : Marquis</a> Contributing Library: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookcontributorInternet_Archive">Internet Archive</a> Digitizing Sponsor: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksponsorInternet_Archive">Internet Archive</a>

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Text Appearing Before Image: 188 THE BEASTS OF PREY. may therefore be said that all Dogs are gregarious animals. Physical I'1 respect to agility the Dogs are very Capabilities of little inferior to the Cats. Their blunt the Dogs. claws prevent them from climbing and confine them to the ground; neither can they leap so high and far as the Cats; but in all other respects they rather surpass them. They are excellent run- ners, possessed of nearly incredible endurance; they swim, without exception, and some in a masterly way, and we find veritable aquatic animals among them : that is, such as really take delight in the water. Their mode of progression is digitigrade, like that of the Cats, but their gait is peculiar, as they always bend their legs at the joints in walking. All Dogs have highly developed senses. Their hearing is not inferior to that of the Cats, while the sense of smell

Text Appearing After Image: THE WOLF. The most common of the wild members of the Dog family, lean, long-legged, with erect ears and a bushy tail. This common Wolf is found in Europe, Asia and America, although a few minor differences have led certain naturalists to make separate species of some of the varieties. It is a great enemy of flocks and herds, is relentlessly hunted by Man hut is still found in large numbers wherever the country is wild. (Canis lupus.) is developed to a marvelous degree, and their faculty of sight may be said to be better than that of the Cats, for the nocturnal Dugs are equal to the Cats, and those of diurnal habits decidedly surpass them. Mental Endow- The mental endowments of the Dogs ments of arc still more highly developed than the Dog Family. thosc 0f the Cats. Those species that stand on the lowest plane show notable cunning and craft, sometimes at the expense of their courage, a quality possessed by others to a high degree ; the higher grade of Dogs, especially those which know .Man, or, as I might better term it, arc denoted to him body and soul, daily prove to us that their intel- lect has reached a higher development than that \ any other animal. The tame Dog and the wild Fox act with rational deliberation and carry out carefully thought-out plans, as to the outcome of which they are tolerably secure in advance. It is the high grade of intellect of the Dog which has allied it so closely to us and puts it above the other animals. Habits and Their food is mainly animal, consist- General Traits of ing of mammals and birds. They do the Dogs. not eat freshly killed meat in pref- erence to carrion, showing in very many cases a con- siderable predilection for the latter, and some are very foncl of bones. Besides, they feed on reptiles, amphibia, fish, Crabs, insects or honey, fruit, the products of the field and garden, even buds, young shoots, roots, grass and moss. Some species are very greedy and kill more than they can devour ; but their bloodthirstiness never assumes so formidable a shape as that of some of the animals of the Cat and Marten families. There is no one Dog which de- lights in the blood of his victims to the point of intoxication. Dogs are more prolific than the Cats, the num- ber of their young in some instances reaching the greatest limit of the reproduction of mam- mals. On the average a litter consists of from four to nine young ones, but there are instances of record where one female's litter has amounted to eighteen and even twenty- three Pups at a birth. It happens not infrequently that the father or some other male Dog pursues the offspring with mur- derous intent and devours them, if he can, and this is especially the case with Wolves and Foxes, which under favorable condi- tions do not spare each other. With most spe- cies, however, the grega- rious instincts also assert themselves in respect to the little ones; and the mothers always provide for them with a really self-sacrificing affection. The mischief caused by Dogs as a family is considerable on account of the fact that some species are very numerous, and those that entail any loss to mankind are ruthlessly pursued everywhere. The smaller species do us good service, as they catch rodents and insects or devour carrion and other noxious matter, also yield- ing their skin, fur and teeth for useful purposes. Divisions The Dogs may be divided into three of the groups, and two of these maybe split up Dog Family. \n^0 smaller sub-orders. These groups are formed by the Wolves or wild Dogs (Cams), with a round pupil and a short tail; the Foxes (J'trfpits), distinguished by a slit-like pupil and a long, bushy rail, and the Long-cared Dogs (Otocyo/i), animals of the desert, having a different and much more numer- ous set of teeth.

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