Title: Brehm's Life of animals : a complete natural history for popular home instruction and for the use of schools. Mammalia Identifier: brehmslifeofanim1896breh Year: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookyear1896">1896</a> (<a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookdecade1890">1890s</a>) Authors: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorBrehm_Alfred_Edmund_1829_1884">Brehm, Alfred Edmund, 1829-1884</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorPechuel_Loesche_Edward_1840_1913">Pechuel-Loesche, Edward, 1840-1913</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorHaacke_Wilhelm_1855_1912">Haacke, Wilhelm, 1855-1912</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookauthorSchmidtlein_Richard">Schmidtlein, Richard</a> Subjects: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectMammals">Mammals</a>; <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectAnimal_behavior">Animal behavior</a> Publisher: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookpublisherChicago_Marquis">Chicago : Marquis</a> Contributing Library: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookcontributorInternet_Archive">Internet Archive</a> Digitizing Sponsor: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksponsorInternet_Archive">Internet Archive</a>

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Text Appearing Before Image: THE DOG FAMILY—WOLF. 193 one hundred and eighty thousand head of horned Cattle and three times that number of small domes- tic animals are annually slain by them; Lazarewski estimates the loss in domestic animals as amounting to fifteen million and that in game to fifty million roubles. Besides all this. Wolves sometimes suffer from hydrophobia, and then are equally dangerous to Man and beast. Animals that It is easy to understand that these Withstand dangerous animals are dreaded not the Wolf. oniy by Men but also by other ani- mals, especially where they exist in large numbers. Horses become extremely restless when they scent a Wolf, and the other domestic animals, except the Dog. take to flight when they have the slightest warning of the proximity of their principal foe. Good Dogs, on the other hand, delight in nothing so much as in a Wolf-hunt, it being a characteristic trait of Dogs that they are ^—- —tz^^^t- - - fondest of the most dan- ^J? gerous hunting. It is dif- ficult to understand, or, at least remarkable, that hatred should become so great between two species as closely allied as the Wolf and Dog. There are other domes- tic animals also which know how to defend them- selves against the Wolf. In southern Russia Wolves live in burrows which they dig for themselves, some- times as deep as six feet. At night they continually prowl around the herds of the Russian steppes. They approach the Horses with caution, and try to steal Colts that have strayed too far from the flock; or they attack an isolated Horse, springing at his throat and throwing him down. If other Horses perceive the Wolf, they immediately go up to him, and if he does not retreat they strike him with their front hoofs, and the Stallions may even seize him with their teeth. He gets into quite as bad a plight when he tries to procure himself a pork roast in the forests of Spain or Croatia. A sin- gle Hog may fall a prey to him, but a large, com- pact herd is always avoided by a Wolf If he mis- times his attack by a moment, he is trampled down by the enraged Hogs and devoured with as much enjoyment to them as a meal of pork might give him. Attributes The Wolf possesses all the Dogs' attri- and Traits of butes and traits; he has their strength the Wolf. an{j perseverance, their acute senses and their sagacity. Rut he is much more one-sided and less noble than the domestic Dog, undoubtedly be- cause he lacks the education which Man gives to the Dog. His courage is out of all proportion to his strength. When he is not hungry he is one of the most cowardly and timid animals in existence. He then flees rot only before a Man, a Dog, a Cow, or a Goat, but even before a flock of Sheep, if only the animals crowd together and turn their heads towards him. The Wolf is by no means inferior to the Fox in cun- ning and caution; if anything he surpasses Reynard in these qualities. As a rule he adapts himself to circumstances, reflects before he acts and knows how to find a loophole of escape in danger. He sneaks up to his prey with as much cunning as caution; and if he is himself pursued he trots along with the utmost deliberation. His sense of smell, sight and hearing are all equa'ly acute. He is said not only to track prey but to scent it at a great distance. When he finds spoor in his path, he knows very well the animal to which it pertains. He follows it and does not suffer anything to divert him from it. His cow- ardliness, his slyness and the acuteness of his senses are well shown in his methods of attack. The Mother In the early spring the female Wolf Wolf and gives birth to from three to nine, usu- Her Young. aHy from four to six young, in some

Text Appearing After Image: THE STRIPED WOLF. —The (ox-like muzzle, long legs, long tail, and general appearance of agility and Intelligence are Striking characteristics ol the Striped Wolf, an African species. It dues not attack large animals and docs little harm, unless it he the occasional killing of a Chicken, and is little molested by the natives of the country it inhabits. (Cants adushts.) hidden place in the depth of the forest. The newly born whelps remain blind for twenty-one days, grow very slowly at the first and very rapidly when they are older, and conduct themselves exactly like young The' are very playful and their howling and yelping during their romps are sometimes heard at a great distance. The mother treats them with all the tenderness of a good canine mother, licks and cleans them, suckles them for a very long time and then procures them ample nourishment, suitable for their age; she is always on her guard lest she betray them, and if her distrust has been aroused or danger threat- ens, she carries them to another place she deems more secure. The age a Wolf may attain probably reaches to twelve or fifteen years. It has been sufficiently proven by many experi- ments that the interbreeding of the Wolf and Dog produces hybrids capable of further reproduction. These cross-breeds are not always intermediate in character between the Wolf and Dog, and even the

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