English: Title: Bulletin

Identifier: bulletin3011907smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: 282 CHIPPOY CHIRICAHUA [b. a. e. farther inland. Tlie aggregate number in 1884 was 426, and in 1901, 518. They are connected with the band at Red Rock on Nipegon bay. (j. m.) AUenemipigons.—Denonville (1087), in Margry, D6c., VI, 52, 188G. Chippoy. A former Potawatomi vil- lage on Big Shawnee cr., in Fountain CO., lud. It was settled after 1795, and the site was inc-luded in a tract sold in 1818 l)y the Miami. (j. m. ) Chipaille,—St Mary's treaty with Miamis (1818) in U. S. Ind. Treat.," 493, 1873. Chippoy.—Harri.son (1814) quoted by Drake, Tecumseli, 161, 1852. Chiputca. A former village, presumaVjly Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis- sion, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, LStil. Chiricahua (Apache:' great mountain'). An important division of the Apache,

Text Appearing After Image: BEDAZ-ISHU—CHIRICAHUA APACHE so called from their former mountain home in s. e. Arizona. Their own name is Aiaha. The Chiricahua were the most warlike of the Arizona In- dians, their raids extending into New Mexico, s. Arizona, and n. Sonora, among their most noted leaders being Cochise, Victorio, Loco, Chato, Nachi, Bonito and Ceronimo. Physically they do not differ materially from the other Apache. The men are well built, muscular, with well-developed chests, sound and regular teeth, and abundant hair. The women are even more vigorous and strongly built, with broad shoulders and hips and a tendency to corpulency in old age. They habitually wear a pleasant open expression of countenance, exhibit- ing uniform good nature, save when in anger their face takes on a savage cast. White thought their manner of life, gen- eral physique, and mental disi^osition seemed conducive to long life. Their characteristic long-legged moccasins of deerskin have a stout sole turning up at the toes, and the legs of the moc- casins, long enough to reach the thigh, are folded back below the knee, form- ing a pocket in which are carried paints and a knife. The women wore short skirts of buckskin, and the men used to display surplus skins folded about the waist. Their arrows were made of reed tipped with obsidian or iron, the shaft winged with three strips of feathers. They used in battle a long spear and a slung-shot made by inserting a stone into the green hide of a cow's tail, leaving a portion of the hair attached. They pos- sessed no knowledge of weaving blankets. White (MS., B. A. E.) supposed that they had immigrated into Arizona from New [Mexico three or four generations back. Their camps were located on the highlands in winter that they might catch the warm rays of the sun, and in summer near the water among stunted trees that sheltered them from its scorching glare. Their bands or clans were named from the nature of the ground about their chosen territory. Both men and women were fond of wearing necklaces and ear pend- ants of beads. The hair was worn long and flowing, with a turban, to which was attached a flap hanging down behind; tliey plucked out the hairs of the beard with tweezers of tin, and wore suspended fron:i their necks a small round mirror which they used in painting their faces with stripes of brilliant colors. Strings of pieces of shell were highly prized. Their customary dwelling was a rude brush hut, circular or oval, with the earth scooped out to enlarge its capacity. In winter they huddled together for warmth and, if the hut was large, built a fire in the center. When they changed camp they burned their huts, which were always built close together. They subsisted on berries, nuts, and the fruit of various trees, mesquite beans, and acorns, of which they were particularly fond, and they ground the seeds of different grasses on a large flat stone and made a paste with water, drying it afterward in the sun. They relished the fruit of cacti and of the yucca, and made mescal from the root of the agave. Fish they would not eat, nor pork, but an unborn calf and the entrails of animals they regarded as deli- cacies, and horse and mule flesh was con- sidered the best meat. Though selfish in most things, they were hospitable with food, which was free to anyone who was hungry. They were scrupulous in keeping accounts and paying debts.

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