English: Title: Bulletin

Identifier: bulletin3011907smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: BULL. 30] DELAWAEE 385 men, are descended several well-known families of Wisconsin and Minnesota. (C. T.) Delaware. A confederacy, formerly the most important of the Algonquian stock, occupying the entire basin of Delaware r. in K. Pennsylvania and s. e. New York, together with most of New Jersey and Delaware. Tliey called themselves Lenapeor Leni-lenape, equivalent to 'real men,' or 'native, genuine men'; the Eng- hsh knew them as Delawares, from the name of their principal river; the Frencli called them Loups, 'wolves,' a term probably applied originally to the Ma- hican on Hudson r., afterward extended to the Munsee division and to the whole group. _To the more remote Algonquian

Text Appearing After Image: JACK HARRY (wAIAWAKWAKUMAU, TRAMPING EVERYWHERE) — DELAWARE tribes they, together with all their cog- nate tribes along the coast far up into New England, were known as Wapa- nachki, 'easterners,' or 'eastern land people,' a term which appears also as a specific tribal designation in the form of Abnaki. By virtue of admitted priority of political rank and of occupying the central home territory, from which most of the cognate tribes had diverged, they were accorded by all the Algonquian tribes the respectful title of "grand- father," a recognition accorded by cour- tesy also l)y the Huron. The Nanti- coke, Conoy, Shawnee, and Mahican claimed close connection with the Dela- wares and preserved the tradition of a common origin. The Lendpe, or Delawares proper, were composed of 3 principal tribes, treated by Morgan as phratries, viz: Munsee, Unami, and Unalachtigo (q. v.), besides which some of the New Jersey bands may have constituted a fourth. JEach of these had its own territory and dialect, with more or less separate identity, the Munsee i^ar- ticularly being so far differentiated as fre- quently to be considered an independent l^eople. The early traditional history of the Lenupe is contained in their national legend, the Walam Olum (q. v.). When they made their first treaty with Penn, in 1682, the Delawares had their council fire at Shackamaxon, about the present Germantown, suburb of Philadelphia, and under various local names occupied the whole countrj' along the river. To this early period belongs their great chief, Tamenend, from whom the Tammany Society takes its name. The different 1 lands frequently acted separately but re- u:arded themselves as part of one great body. About the year 1720 the Iroquois assumed dominion over them, forbidding them to make war or sales of lands, a condition which lasted until about the opening of the French and Indian war. As the whites, under the sanction of the Iroquois, crowded them out of their ancient homes, the Delawares removed to the Susquehanna, settling at Wyoming and other points about 1742. They soon crossed the mountains to the headwaters of the Allegheny, the first of them hav- ing settled upon that stream in 1724. In 1751, by invitation of the Huron, they began to form settlements in e. Ohio, and in a few years the greater part of the Delawares were fixed upon the Mus- kingum and other streams in e. Ohio, together with the Munsee and jNIahican, who had accompanied them from the E., being driven out by the same pressure and afterward consolidating with them. The Delawares, being now within reach of the French and backed by the western tribes, asserted their independence of tlie Iroquois, and in the subsequent wars up to the treaty of Greenville in 1795 showed themselves the most determined op- ponents of the advancing whites. The work of the devoted Moravian mission- aries in the 17th and 18th centuries forms an important part of the history of these tribes (see Gnadenhuetten, Missions). About the year 1770 the Delawares re- ceived permission from the Miami and Piankishaw to occupy the country be- tween the Ohio and White rs., in Indiana, where at one time they had 6 villages. In 1789, by permission of the Spanish government, a part of them removed to Missouri, and afterward to Arkansas, to- gether with a band of Shawnee. By 1820 the two bands had f(5und their way to Texas, where the Delawares numbered at Bull. 30—05- -25

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