File:Northwestern Europe at Night.JPG
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Summary edit
DescriptionNorthwestern Europe at Night.JPG |
English: Several of the oldest cities of north-western Europe are highlighted in this astronaut photograph from just after midnight (00:25 Greenwich Mean Time) on August 10, 2011. While the landscape is dotted with clusters of lights from individual urban areas, the metropolitan areas of London, Paris, Brussels, and Amsterdam stand out due to their large light “footprints.” The metropolitan area of Milan is also visible at image upper right. This photograph from the International Space Station (ISS) was taken with a short camera lens, providing the large field of view. To give a sense of scale, the centers of the London and Paris metropolitan areas are approximately 340 kilometres from each other. The image is also oblique—taken looking outwards at an angle from the ISS, which tends to foreshorten the image—making the distance between Paris and Milan (640 kilometres) appear less than that of Paris to London.
In contrast to the land surface defined by the city lights, the English Channel presents a uniform dark appearance. Similarly, the Alps near Milan are also largely devoid of lights. While much of the atmosphere was clear at the time the image was taken, the lights of Brussels are dimmed by thin cloud cover. |
Date | |
Source | NASA Earth Observatory |
Author | ISS Expedition 28 crew |
Camera location | 49° 00′ 00″ N, 1° 30′ 00″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 49.000000; 1.500000 |
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This image or video was catalogued by Johnson Space Center of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: ISS028-E-24360. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. Other languages:
العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ български ∙ català ∙ čeština ∙ dansk ∙ Deutsch ∙ English ∙ español ∙ فارسی ∙ français ∙ galego ∙ magyar ∙ հայերեն ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ македонски ∙ മലയാളം ∙ Nederlands ∙ polski ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ Türkçe ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/− |
Image acquired with a Nikon D3S digital camera using a 28 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center.
Licensing edit
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) | ||
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Annotations InfoField | This image is annotated: View the annotations at Commons |
Alps
Milan
Brussels
Amsterdam
Paris
English Channel
London
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 11:44, 29 August 2011 | 4,256 × 2,832 (2.05 MB) | Originalwana (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description ={{en|1=Several of the oldest cities of north-western Europe are highlighted in this astronaut photograph from just after midnight (00:25 Greenwich Mean Time) on August 10, 2011. Wh |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D3S |
Exposure time | 1/3 sec (0.33333333333333) |
F-number | f/2.8 |
ISO speed rating | 12,800 |
Date and time of data generation | 00:25, 10 August 2011 |
Lens focal length | 28 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Microsoft Windows Photo Gallery 6.0.6001.18000 |
File change date and time | 12:22, 29 August 2011 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 00:25, 10 August 2011 |
APEX shutter speed | 1.584963 |
APEX aperture | 2.970854 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 72 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 72 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 72 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 28 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |