File:Octahedral diamond (Mir Kimberlite; Mirnyy, Siberia, Russia) 4 (38332545124).jpg
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DescriptionOctahedral diamond (Mir Kimberlite; Mirnyy, Siberia, Russia) 4 (38332545124).jpg |
Diamond crystal from Russia. A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5200 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known (four of them are still unnamed). Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals. To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state. The element carbon occurs principally in its native state as graphite (C) and diamond (C). Graphite is the common & far less valuable polymorph of carbon. A scarce polymorph of carbon is diamond. The physical properties of diamond and graphite couldn’t be more different, considering they have the same chemistry. Diamond has a nonmetallic, adamantine luster, typically occurs in cubic or octahedral (double-pyramid) crystals, or subspherical to irregularly-shaped masses, and is extremely hard (H≡10). Diamonds can be almost any color, but are typically clearish, grayish, or yellowish. Many diamonds are noticeably fluorescent under black light (ultraviolet light), but the color and intensity of fluorescence varies. Some diamonds are phosphorescent - under certain conditions, they glow for a short interval on their own. Very rarely, diamond is a rock-forming mineral (see diamondite - <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/14618393527">www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/14618393527</a>). The diamond shown here is a 1.29 carat octahedral crystal, modified by trigons (small triangular-shaped structures). It comes from a kimberlite body in eastern Siberia. Kimberlites are intrusive igneous rocks typically having pipe-shaped geometries. The host kimberlite is Paleozoic in age, but the diamonds date to the Precambrian, based on inclusion dating. Geologic unit & age: Mir Kimberlite, Malo-Botuoba Kimberlite Field, erupted in the Devonian of Mississippian, 324 to 403 Ma (dates cluster around 354 to 360 Ma) Locality: unrecorded locality in the Mir Kimberlite Pipe, town of Mirnyy, Yakutia (a.k.a. "Sakha"), eastern Siberia, Russia (~62° 31' 43.93" North latitude, ~113° 59' 38.60" East longitude) |
Date | |
Source | Octahedral diamond (Mir Kimberlite; Mirnyy, Siberia, Russia) 4 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/38332545124 (archive). It was reviewed on 30 November 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
30 November 2019
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current | 16:54, 30 November 2019 | 949 × 582 (306 KB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:12, 13 December 2017 |
Lens focal length | 11.614 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 00:40, 14 December 2017 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:12, 13 December 2017 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.90625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 19:40, 13 December 2017 |
Unique ID of original document | F2F4CF6774E7CBB68EE072B3F07D39DA |