English: In 32, Octavian defeated Antony at Actium, and Herod, having made his peace with the victor, was confirmed as king, and had Jericho restored to him, along with Gadara, Samaria, Gaza, Anthedon (rebuilt as Agrippias or Agrippeion, in order to control with Gaza the Nabataean trade), Joppa, Straton's Tower, and probably Ashdod and Jamnia, while Askalon and Dora remained free. In 27 he rebuilt Samaria under the name Sebaste, and in 25 began at Straton's Tower the harbour and town which he named Caesarea. Sebaste and Caesarea illustrate the fresh, westward exposure of Judaea towards Kome. In 23, Augustus gave Herod Trachonitis and Batanaea, and then, or in 20, the domains of Zenodorus (on all of which see H.G.H.L. through the index, and for Zenodorus, Schiirer, App. I.). His brother Pheroras became Tetrarch of Peraea. In 9 B.C. Herod subdued the Arabs of Trachonitis at Kaepta (unknown), garrisoned the district, built for a Babylonian Jew, Zamaris, fortresses in Batanaea, and a village, Bathyra (perhaps Busr el-Hariri, on the border of the Trachon or Leja), thus subduing and in part civilising the whole region. At Seia, now Si'a, he rebuilt a Nabataean temple, in which the earliest Greek inscription extant in the region records the erection of his statue. But disorder soon revived. In 4 B.C., after a vain attempt at a cure in the waters of Callirrhoe in Moab (W. Zerka Ma'in, P.E.F.Q., 1905, 170, 219), Herod died. His other buildings were the fortress of Alexandrium (K!urn-Surtubeh), Herodium, near Jerusalem, Masada, Machaerus, Hyrkania (unknown), and another Herodium (identified by Schlatter with Machaerus). He also strengthened Heshbon in Peraea, and Gaba in Esdraelon, rebuilt Kephar Saba under the name Antipatris; and founded in the Jordan valley Phasaelis, now Fusa'il. AUTHORITIES—Ancient: Josephus, i Wars, xx.-xxiii.; XY-xvii Antt; Strabo, (?6ogr., xvi.; Dion Cassius, l.-liv.; for Coins, see notes on Maps 39, 40. Modern: As in notes to previous maps, and G. A. Smith, Jerusalem,, ii., chs. xvii., xviii.