File:Phạm Quang Sán (范光璨) Duy Tân 4 (維新四年, 1911).jpg

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A photograph of the Nguyễn Dynasty mandarin Phạm Quang Sán (范光璨) taken in the year Duy Tân 4 (維新四年, 1911).

Summary

Description	English: A photograph of the Nguyễn Dynasty mandarin Phạm Quang Sán (范光璨) taken in the year Duy Tân 4 (維新四年, 1911).
Date	3 August 2021, 00:19:26
Source	A Bilingual Introduction to Volcanoes in 1911 Vietnam. - NOVEMBER 6, 2016 / LEMINHKHAI. (Lê Minh Khải's SEAsian History Blog). This book had two main sections. One was devoted to the skys/heavens and the other to the earth. These are both topics that were covered in earlier books for children, such as in Phạm Phục Trai’s 范复齋 1853 Explication of the Essentials for Enlightening Children (啓童説約 Khải đồng thuyết ước). However, Phạm Quang Sán discussed these topics in ways that reflected his exposure to Western science.. (Lê Minh Khải's SEAsian History Blog). He began his section on the earth, for instance, by stating that “the earth is round like a ball and therefore it is called the globe (地球 / địa cầu literally means ‘earthen ball’)” (地圓如球故曰地球 Đất tròn như quả cầu, cho nên gọi là địa cầu). - One of the pieces of evidence that he provides for this is the fact that people can travel all the way around the earth (人能繞行地球 ta đi quanh hết quả đất dược).. (Lê Minh Khải's SEAsian History Blog). In his 1853 work, Phạm Phục Trai did not say that the earth was round, he did not call it an “earthen ball,” and he probably did not know that people could circumnavigate the globe, and he would not have known what the term “地球/địa cầu” referred to. - So although a statement like “the earth is round like a ball and therefore it is called the globe” might seem simple and insignificant, it actually is a sign of a major transformation in the Vietnamese worldview that was taking place at that time.. (Lê Minh Khải's SEAsian History Blog). And this book is filled with a great deal more information like this, including the final section which contains a detailed discussion about volcanoes. - “It is extremely hot in the middle of the earth, like boiling water. Because of its expansive force, stones are pushed through the earth’s crust and sent out (of the inside of the earth) where they form volcanoes. At the top of volcanoes are hollow openings, and below it looks like a bowl and is called the crater. The stone material that is ejected is called lava. It is probably that the hot stone liquid in the earth is ejected out and gradually forms into stone after it sinks into water.". (Lê Minh Khải's SEAsian History Blog). The children who studied this text in school starting in 1911 gained knowledge that their parents had never been exposed to when they were young. - The children in 1910s Vietnam were learning about a new world, a world that made sense not by learning what earlier generations of Vietnamese had studied, but by learning new forms of knowledge, such as the fact that the earth is round, that people can travel all the way around it, and that there are somewhere around 200 volcanoes on the globe. - Once children started learning about these things, traditional Vietnamese knowledge’s days were numbered.. (Lê Minh Khải's SEAsian History Blog).
Author	Phạm Quang Sán (范光璨).

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This work is in the public domain in Vietnam for one of the following reasons:

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	Date/Time	Thumbnail	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	23:40, 2 August 2021		454 × 667 (125 KB)	Donald Trung (talk \| contribs)	Uploaded a work by Phạm Quang Sán (范光璨). from * [https://leminhkhai.wordpress.com/2016/11/06/a-bilingual-introduction-to-volcanoes-in-1911-vietnam/ A Bilingual Introduction to Volcanoes in 1911 Vietnam. - NOVEMBER 6, 2016 / LEMINHKHAI]. ([https://leminhkhai.wordpress.com/ Lê Minh Khải's SEAsian History Blog]). * [https://leminhkhai.files.wordpress.com/2016/11/ptdb-cover1.jpg This book had two main sections. One was devoted to the skys/heavens and the other to the earth. These are both topi...

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File:Phạm Quang Sán (范光璨) Duy Tân 4 (維新四年, 1911).jpg

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