File:Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park, Honaunau, Hawaii (18) (4529707556).jpg
Original file (2,816 × 2,112 pixels, file size: 2.14 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
editDescriptionPu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park, Honaunau, Hawaii (18) (4529707556).jpg |
Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the west coast of the island of Hawaiʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi. The historical park preserves the site where, up until the early 19th century, Hawaiians who broke a kapu (one of the ancient laws) could avoid certain death by fleeing to this place of refuge or puʻuhonua. The offender would be absolved by a priest and freed to leave. Defeated warriors and non-combatants could also find refuge here during times of battle. The grounds just outside the Great Wall that encloses the puʻuhonua were home to several generations of powerful chiefs. The 420 acre (1.7 km2) site was originally established in 1955 as City of Refuge National Historical Park and was renamed on November 10, 1978. In 2000 the name was changed by the Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 observing the Hawaiian spelling. It includes the puʻuhonua and a complex of archeological sites including: temple platforms, royal fishponds, sledding tracks, and some coastal village sites. The Hale o Keawe temple and several thatched structures have been reconstructed. The park contains a reconstruction of the Hale O Keawe heiau, which was originally built by a Kona chief named Kanuha in honor of his father King Keaweikekahialiʻiokamoku. After the death of Keaweikekahialiʻiokamoku, his bones were entombed within the heiau. The nobility (ali'i) of Kona continued to be buried until the abolition of the kapu system. The last person buried here was a son of Kamehameha I in 1818. It was believed that additional protection to the place of refuge was received from the mana in the bones of the chiefs. it survived several years after other temples were destroyed. It was looted by Lord George Byron (cousin of the distinguished English poet) in 1825. In 1829, High Chiefess Kapiʻolani removed the remaining bones and hid them in the Pali Kapu O Keōua cliffs above nearby Kealakekua Bay. She then ordered this last temple to be destroyed. The bones were later moved to the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii in 1858. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%CA%BBuhonua_o_H%C5%8Dnaunau_Nati... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_... |
Date | |
Source | Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park, Honaunau, Hawaii (18) |
Author | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 19° 25′ 28.46″ N, 155° 54′ 34.68″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 19.424571; -155.909632 |
---|
Licensing
edit- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ken Lund at https://flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00/4529707556. It was reviewed on 9 January 2017 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
9 January 2017
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 04:59, 9 January 2017 | 2,816 × 2,112 (2.14 MB) | Holly Cheng (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
The following page uses this file:
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
---|---|
Camera model | Canon PowerShot A540 |
Exposure time | 1/320 sec (0.003125) |
F-number | f/4 |
Date and time of data generation | 19:27, 15 April 2010 |
Lens focal length | 5.8 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 19:27, 15 April 2010 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 19:27, 15 April 2010 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 5 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.3125 |
APEX aperture | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.75 APEX (f/2.59) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression, red-eye reduction mode |
Keywords | Hawaii |