File:SaunaIceTower.jpg
![File:SaunaIceTower.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SaunaIceTower.jpg/800px-SaunaIceTower.jpg?20210922171604)
Original file (1,600 × 1,063 pixels, file size: 131 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Captions
Summary
editDescriptionSaunaIceTower.jpg |
English: Active volcanoes not only spew lava, but also hot gases, some of them toxic, some of them just warm air with various amounts of steam and CO2. The vents for such gases are called fumaroles. They commonly form as magma brings groundwater to a boil, forming steam that mixes with volcanic gas and air from the cracks and pores in the volcano, and finally rising to the surface.
So what is special about fumaroles forming on an ice-covered volcano in an extremely cold environment like Erebus? Two types of fumaroles can be found depending on if they are located under the ice that cover the volcano or open cracks in exposed volcanic rock. Fumarole ice chimneys and caves are formed when steam vents on rocks builds up at the surface. These are easily amongst the most spectacular features on Mt. Erebus. There are hundreds of steaming ice towers around the summit region, and just as many caves, of all sizes, shapes and forms. (text from https://web.archive.org/web/20210216183856/https://earthref.org/content/ice-caves-mt-erebus) |
Date | |
Source |
https://earthref.org/content/ice-caves-mt-erebus https://earthref.org/sites/earthref.org/files/imagecache/big/images/users/hstaudigel/SaunaIceTower.jpg |
Author | Alasdair Turner, GOLF 4-3-9 Antarctica Expedition 2012 |
Licensing
edit![w:en:Creative Commons](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png)
![attribution](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png)
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 17:16, 22 September 2021 | ![]() | 1,600 × 1,063 (131 KB) | Da5nsy (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by Alasdair Turner, GOLF 4-3-9 Antarctica Expedition 2012 from https://earthref.org/content/ice-caves-mt-erebus https://earthref.org/sites/earthref.org/files/imagecache/big/images/users/hstaudigel/SaunaIceTower.jpg with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
File usage on other wikis
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on en.wikipedia.org
- Usage on eu.wikipedia.org
- Usage on id.wikipedia.org
- Usage on www.wikidata.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
---|---|
Camera model | NIKON D90 |
Exposure time | 1/640 sec (0.0015625) |
F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 21:33, 30 November 2012 |
Lens focal length | 24 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Ver.1.00 |
File change date and time | 21:33, 30 November 2012 |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 21:33, 30 November 2012 |
Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 36 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 3454002 |
Lens used | AF-S Zoom-Nikkor 24-70mm f/2.8G ED |