English: Soil carbon (C) cycle through the microbial loop. Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is fixed by plants (or autotrophic microorganisms) and added to soil through processes such as ❶ root exudation of low-molecular weight simple carbon compounds, or deposition of leaf and root litter leading to accumulation of complex plant polysaccharides. ❷ Through these processes, carbon is made bioavailable to the microbial metabolic “factory” and subsequently is either ❸ respired to the atmosphere or ❹ enters the stable carbon pool as microbial necromass. The exact balance of carbon efflux versus persistence is a function of several factors, including aboveground plant community composition and root exudate profiles, environmental variables, and collective microbial phenotypes [i.e., the metaphenome (19)]. Figure inspired by 197.