File:Suria KLCC (18952839826).jpg
![File:Suria KLCC (18952839826).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Suria_KLCC_%2818952839826%29.jpg/800px-Suria_KLCC_%2818952839826%29.jpg?20180202103732)
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Summary
editDescriptionSuria KLCC (18952839826).jpg |
English: The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers, are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and remain the tallest twin towers in the world. The buildings are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, along with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower.
The 88-floor towers are constructed largely of reinforced concrete, with a steel and glass facade designed to resemble motifs found in Islamic art, a reflection of Malaysia's Muslim religion. Another Islamic influence on the design is that the cross section of the towers is based on a Rub el Hizb, albeit with circular sectors added to meet office space requirements. As a result of the Malaysian government specifying that the buildings be completed in six years, two construction consortiums were hired to meet the deadline, one for each tower. Tower 1, the west tower (right in the top-right photograph) was built by a Japanese consortium led by the Hazama Corporation (JA Jones Construction Co., MMC Engineering Services Sdn Bhd, Ho Hup Construction Co. Bhd and Mitsubishi Corp) while Tower 2, the east tower (left in the top-right photograph) was built by a South Korean consortium led by the Samsung C&T Corporation (Kukdong Engineering & Construction and Syarikat Jasatera Sdn Bhd). Early into construction a batch of concrete failed a routine strength test causing construction to come to a complete halt. All the completed floors were tested but it was found that only one had used a bad batch and it was demolished. As a result of the concrete failure, each new batch was tested before being poured. The halt in construction had cost US$700,000 per day and led to three separate concrete plants being set up on the site to ensure that if one produced a bad batch, the other two could continue to supply concrete. The sky bridge contract was completed by Kukdong Engineering & Construction. Tower 2 became the first to reach the world's tallest building at the time. When the structure reached about 72nd floor, tower 1 ran into problems. They discovered the structure was leaning 25 millimetres (0.98 in) off from vertical. To correct the lean, the next 16 floors were slanted back 20 millimetres (0.79 in) with specialist surveyors hired to check verticality twice a day until the building's completion. Due to the huge cost of importing steel, the towers were constructed on a cheaper radical design of super high-strength reinforced concrete. High-strength concrete is a material familiar to Asian contractors and twice as effective as steel in sway reduction; however, it makes the building twice as heavy on its foundation as a comparable steel building. Supported by 23-by-23 metre concrete cores and an outer ring of widely spaced super columns, the towers use a sophisticated structural system that accommodates its slender profile and provides 560,000 square metres of column-free office space. Below the twin towers is Suria KLCC, a shopping mall, and Dewan Filharmonik Petronas, the home of the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra [Wikipedia.org] |
Date | |
Source | Suria KLCC |
Author | Jorge Láscar from Melbourne, Australia |
Camera location | 3° 09′ 32.35″ N, 101° 42′ 37.06″ E ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Jorge Lascar at https://flickr.com/photos/8721758@N06/18952839826 (archive). It was reviewed on 2 February 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
2 February 2018
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 10:37, 2 February 2018 | ![]() | 5,520 × 3,680 (5.4 MB) | Thesupermat2 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D800 |
Exposure time | 1/40 sec (0.025) |
F-number | f/3.2 |
ISO speed rating | 320 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:33, 20 April 2014 |
Lens focal length | 16 mm |
Latitude | 3° 9′ 32.35″ N |
Longitude | 101° 42′ 37.06″ E |
Altitude | 0 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Ver.1.02 |
File change date and time | 13:33, 20 April 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:33, 20 April 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 50 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 50 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 50 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 16 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 03:33:36.47 |
Satellites used for measurement | 01 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS84 |
GPS date | 20 April 2014 |
GPS tag version | 2.3.0.0 |