English: This Map presents the political divisions in Syria and Palestine during the period of the Crusades (1096- 1291)—which includes that of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem (1097-1185)—with subdivisions, and the names of towns, castles, casales, and natural features. It is impossible, of course, to include the names of all the casales and estates into which Palestine was parcelled by the Crusaders, but the Map gives the most important, whether with regard to the history of the time or the modern task of identifying the ancient sites. The names are spelt as in the original documents given above (with some requisite emen- dations). Appended is a chronological table. It must be kept in mind that different authorities number the Crusades differently. "Together they form a continuous stream for the greater part of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The numbering of a selected few obscures this fact. Only the First Crusade is rightly defined by the numeral attached. Similar expressions applied to the other Crusades should seldom or never be used" (Stevenson, p. 3). This is true at least beyond the third. Thereafter the numbers differ, as indicated by the brackets in the following:

I. 1096-99, Peter the Hermit, Godfrey; 1098, Antioch taken; 1099, Kingdom of Jerusalem founded; 1100, Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem; 1101, Stephen of Blois, the Wolf of Bavaria, &c., reached Baldwin II, Order of Temple founded about this time; 1124, Tyre surrenders; 1131, Fulke of Anjou king; 1143, Baldwin III; 1146, Nureddin conquers Damascus and Edessa.

II. 1147-49, Bernard, Louis VII, and Emperor Konrad III, Crusaders advance to Damascus; 1153, Baldwin III takes Acre, Askalon surrenders; 1162, Amalrich king; 1171, Saladin overthrows the Fatimite Khalifate of Egypt; 1173, Baldwin IV; 1183, Saladin conquers the most of Syria, but neither Tyre nor Tripoli; 1185, Baldwin V; 1186, Guy of Lusignan,*^ 1187, Saladin takes Jerusalem, after defeating Christians at Hattin.

III. 1189-92, Gregory VIII, Friedrich Barbarossa, Richard Lionheart, Philip Augustus of France; 1189-91, Siege and capture of Acre; 1193, Saladin leaves the coast from Jafa to Acre to the Christians, Death of Saladin.

IV. 1197-98, Innocent III, Heinrich VI, Conrad of Mainz.

V. (IV according to some). 1202-4, Venice under the Doge Dandolo, the Latin occupation of Constantinople; 1212, the Children's Crusade. (V. according to some). 1218-21, Andrew of Hungary and Austrians; fruitless expeditions from Acre to the sources of Jordan and Mt. Tabor; expedition to Egypt; Damietta taken and surrendered.

VI. 1228-29, Friedrich II obtains by treaty the cession of Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth, Tibnin and Sidon to the Christians.

VII. 1239-41, Richard of Cornwall; 1244, the Charesmians devastate Palestine.

VIII. (VI according to some). 1248-54, St. Louis of France, expedition to Egypt, Damietta taken and surrendered.

IX. (VII according to some). Louis IX invades Tunis, English fleet under Edward I delivers Acre from siege, and returns. 1271, Sultan Baibars takes Antioch, Krak des Chevaliers from the Knights of St. John (who had held it since 1180), and afterwards Montfort from the German Knights, 1287 Margat, and 1289 Tripoli, Sidon, Tyre, Jaffa, &c.; 1291, his son. Sultan El-Ashraf, takes Acre and then 'Athlit, the last Christian stronghold held by the Templars.