File:Tenorite-chrysocolla (Proterozoic; Algomah Mine, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA) 2.jpg

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English: Tenorite-chrysosolla from the Precambrian of Michigan, USA. (4.0 centimeters across at its widest; collected ~1960)

Black = tenorite Blue = chrysocolla

A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5600 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.

The oxide minerals all contain one or more oxide anions (O-2). The oxide minerals include species that are hydroxy-oxides. The hydroxide minerals (those with one or more OH-) are usually considered together with the oxides. Many sulfide minerals are not stable in Earth-surface conditions. In the presence of oxygen and moisture, sulfide minerals tend to tarnish or alter to oxides and hydroxy-oxides. All except the most inert elements (such as the platinum-group elements and gold and noble gases) readily form oxides. Gold oxide forms only under special conditions.

Tenorite is a blackish-colored copper oxide mineral, CuO. It usually forms coatings from oxidation of native copper (Cu) or copper-bearing sulfide minerals. The typical weathering/alteration sequence of exposed native copper is: reddish cuprite to black tenorite to greenish malachite. Tenorite typically is nonmetallic black to metallic dark gray in appearance, and is moderately soft (H = 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs Hardness Scale).

This tenorite sample is from northern Michigan's Algomah Mine. Unlike most northern Michigan copper mines, where native copper was the principal ore mineral, at the Algomah Mine, the dominant copper ore mineral was supposedly tenorite. This mine was never in operation for long - mining occurred in the 1850s, 1910s, and 1950s.

The blue is chrysocolla, a copper hydroxy-silicate mineral, ~Cu4H4Si4O10(OH)8.

Locality: Algomah Mine, east of Mass City, Ontonagon County, northwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA


Locality info. at: www.mindat.org/loc-8397.html


Photo gallery of tenorite:

www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3912
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Source https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50713101207/
Author James St. John

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50713101207. It was reviewed on 14 December 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.

14 December 2020

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