File:The burial monument of Julius Philopappos on April 14, 2020.jpg
Original file (6,000 × 4,000 pixels, file size: 20.01 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
editDescriptionThe burial monument of Julius Philopappos on April 14, 2020.jpg |
English: According to Pausanias, an ancient periegetic writer of the 2nd c. A.D., the highest of the three Hills west of the Acropolis took its name from the poet Mousaios who lived, taught and was buried there.
The north cut square to the northeast of the summit, which affords niches for statues, benches and alters for offerings, is claimed to belong to the funeral monument of Mousaios. It is more probable, however, that the Hill took its name from a sanctuary of the Muses to whom the Hill must have been dedicated. The prevalent and commanding position of the Hill of the Muses, directly across the Acropolis, was the stronghold of the Athenians who, according to the myth, fought against the Amazons. Throughout the ages, it was used as a fortress of primary strategic significance during major military operations. In the 5th century B.C. the Athenians incorporated the Hill within the Themistoklean fortification, whereas the Diateichisma was constructed on its summit in the 4th c. B.C. In 294 B.C., Demetrius Poliorketes had a small fort built, known as the Macedonian fort, annexing the Diateichisma wall, where he installed a garrison to guard the city. In the 2nd century A.D. a burial monument 12m. in height was erected on the hill of the Muses, which was since prevailed over the area. It takes its name from its founder Gaios Julius Philopappos, price of Kommagene of Upper Syria and benefactor of Athens. This monument is made of pentelic marble on a porous krepis. Its monumental curved façade facing the Acropolis is divided into two zones. The upper zone comprises three deep niches to support seated statues. In the central niche, Philopappos headless is depicted sitting on a throne with the inscription “Philopappos, son of Epiphanes, of the deme of Besa.” In the left niche according to the inscription “King Antiochos, son of King Antiochos”, the fragmentary figure of Philopappos’ grandfather is portrayed. According to the inscription which survived until the 15th c., the founder of the Seleucid dynasty: King Seleucus, son of Antiochos, Nikator” was depicted in the right niche. The lower zone is a relief frieze depicting Philopappos on a quadriga flanked by lictors. The burial chamber in the form of the naiskos which housed the Philopappos’ sarcophagus was behind the monument. The monument survived intact until the 15th c. but gradually fell victim to vandalism and the elements. It was partly restored by the civil engineer N. Balanos in 1904. Text credit: Information label by the monument. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | George E. Koronaios |
Camera location | 37° 58′ 02.88″ N, 23° 43′ 17.25″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 37.967467; 23.721458 |
---|
Licensing
editThis file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. | |
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enCC0Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedicationfalsefalse |
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 18:22, 14 April 2020 | 6,000 × 4,000 (20.01 MB) | George E. Koronaios (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | SONY |
---|---|
Camera model | ILCE-7 |
Exposure time | 1/1,250 sec (0.0008) |
F-number | f/5.6 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:42, 14 April 2020 |
Lens focal length | 35 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Capture One 12.1.4 Windows |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:42, 14 April 2020 |
APEX shutter speed | 10.287712 |
APEX aperture | 4.970854 |
APEX brightness | 11.16953125 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.96875 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 35 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Lens used | Zeiss Sonnar T* FE 35 mm F2.8 ZA (SEL35F28Z) |
IIM version | 4 |