Identifier: expressionofemo00darw (find matches)
Title: The expression of the emotions in man and animals
Year: 1872 (1870s)
Authors: Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882
Subjects: Emotions Psychology, Comparative Instinct
Publisher: London : John Murray
Contributing Library: Princeton Theological Seminary Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Princeton Theological Seminary Library

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ne transverse wrinkles. This muscle is some-times said not to be under the control of the will; butalmost every one, if told to draw the corners of hismouth backwards and downwards with great force,brings it into action. I have, however, heard of a manwho can voluntarily act on it only on one side of hisneck. Sir C. Bell ^^ and others have stated that this muscleis strongly contracted under the influence of fear;and Duchenne insists so strongly on its importance inthe expression of this emotion, that he calls it themuscle of fright?^ He admits, however, that its con-traction is quite inexpressive unless associated withwidely open eyes and mouth. He has given a pho- 2 * Anatomy of Expression, p. 168. 2 Mecanisme de la Pbys. Humaine, Album, Legende xi. Chap. XII. CONTEACTION OF THE PLATYSMA. 299 tograph (copied and reduced in the accompanyingwoodcut) of the same old man as on former occa-sions, with his eyebrows strongly raised, his mouthopened, and the platysma contracted, all by means
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Fig. 20. Terror, from a photograph by Dr. Duchenne. of galvanism. The original photograph was shown totwenty-four persons, and they were separately asked,without any explanation being given, what expressionwas intended: twenty instantly answered, intense 300 FEAE. Chap. XIL fright or horror; three said pain, and one ex-treme discomfort. Dr. Duchenne has given anotherphotograph of the same old man, with the platysmacontracted, the eyes and mouth opened, and the eye-brows rendered oblique, by means of galvanism. Theexpression thus induced is very striking (see Plate YII.fig. 2) ; the obliquity of the eyebrows adding the appear-ance of great mental distress. The original was shownto fifteen persons; twelve answered terror or horror,and three agony or great suffering. From these cases,and from an examination of the other photographsgiven by Dr. Duchenne, together with his remarksthereon, I think there can be little doubt that the con-traction of the platysma does add greatly to the expres

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