File:Vertical shaft (Bottomless Pit, Black Snake Avenue, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 2 (19550410184).jpg
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Summary
editDescriptionVertical shaft (Bottomless Pit, Black Snake Avenue, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 2 (19550410184).jpg |
Western Kentucky's Mammoth Cave is the longest cave system on Earth, with 412 miles known and mapped as of March 2019. The name does not refer to the early discovery of fossil mastodon or mammoth bones here. Rather, the name refers to the immense size of many rooms and passages. The system has a variety of cave passages: tubular passages, canyon passages, vertical shafts (domepits), keyhole passages, and giant canyon passages. Bottomless Pit is a deep vertical shaft that bottoms out well into the Middle Mississippian St. Louis Limestone (the lowest encountered stratigraphic unit in Mammoth Cave). Vertical shafts, also called domepits, are large, silo-shaped, dissolutional features in caves. They form in the vadose zone (above the water table) as downward-moving groundwater dissolves limestone by enlarging joints or joint intersections. The vertical grooves along the limestone walls are flutes. The rocks are Fredonia Member limestones (Ste. Genevieve Limestone, upper Middle Mississippian). Bottomless Pit used to be a turn-around point for early tours. Later tours crawled along a narrow edge. In modern times, it is readily traversed via a metal trail bridge. This vertical shaft does have a bottom, despite the name. Its rubble-covered floor closely coincides with the level of the River Styx and the Echo River (= modern water table; = local base level). Locality: Bottomless Pit, Black Snake Avenue, Mammoth Cave, west-central Kentucky, USA |
Date | |
Source | Vertical shaft (Bottomless Pit, Black Snake Avenue, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/19550410184 (archive). It was reviewed on 13 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
13 October 2019
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 17:33, 13 October 2019 | 956 × 635 (349 KB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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User comments | LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01 |
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Width | 956 px |
Height | 635 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 96 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 96 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 15:08, 16 March 2019 |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Color space | sRGB |
Unique ID of original document | 912151D2B2A1F9C332918BFC1D870662 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:04, 16 March 2019 |
Date metadata was last modified | 11:08, 16 March 2019 |
IIM version | 1 |