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File:Wing pattern mimicry among species in the melpomene-cydno-silvaniform clade and the erato-sapho-sara clade of Heliconius species - Fevo -08-00221-g001.jpg

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Wing pattern mimicry among species in the melpomene/cydno/silvaniform clade and the erato/sapho/sara clade of Heliconius species

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Description
English: Wing pattern mimicry among species in the melpomene/cydno/silvaniform clade (MCS) (above line) and the erato/sapho/sara clade (ESS) (below line) of Heliconius species. The two lineages diverged from each other about 12 MYA (Kozak et al., 2015), yet have recently evolved a complement of identically patterned wings. Species in the MCS clade are: (A) H. hecale zuleika, (B) H. atthis, (C) H. melpomene ecuadorensis, (D) H. pachinus, (E) H. cydno chioneus, (F) H. m. plesseni, (G) H. m. cythera, (H), H. m. rosina. Species in the ESS clade are: (J) H. sapho sapho, (K) H. erato notabilis, (L) H. e. cyrbia, (M) H. e. demophoon, (N) H. sara sara, (O) H. peruvianus, (P) H. e. etylus, (Q) H. hewitsoni, (R) H. hecalesia formosus. Heliconius doris (I) is from a third clade that falls between the ESS and MCS lineages.
Date
Source McMillan WO, Livraghi L, Concha C and Hanly JJ (2020) From Patterning Genes to Process: Unraveling the Gene Regulatory Networks That Pattern Heliconius Wings. Front. Ecol. Evol. 8:221. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00221
Author McMillan WO, Livraghi L, Concha C and Hanly JJ (2020)

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