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Çatalhöyük was the first major
settlement in the world.
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It was founded around 9500 years ago
in what is now Turkey.
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In its heyday,
about 2500 people lived there,
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close together in rectangular houses that
were only accessible through the roof.
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This was a practical design,
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because with large windows and doors
it would get too hot indoors.
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There were no streets and squares.
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Life mainly took place on the roofs.
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It was clearly an equal society.
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There were no palaces or temples,
and no market places or workshops.
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Every household maintained itself,
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took care of animal husbandry
and produced tools.
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The inhabitants also faced
typical problems of civilization,
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including the removal
of waste and excrement.
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In general, the community
was probably stable,
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because Çatalhöyük remained
inhabited for two thousand years.
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People not only lived in the houses,
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but they also celebrated ritual parties.
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Large murals with colorful
hunting scenes testify to this.
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The paintings probably
referred to initiation rituals
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or hunts organized by cults.
