Translations:Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Consolidated list Eastern Europe/2/zh

文本嵌入自
COM:Belarus

白俄羅斯

著作权法规： 白俄罗斯 快捷方式: COM:白俄罗斯
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+50年
匿名	創作或發表+50年
其他
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Belarus}} {{PD-BY-exempt}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1997年12月12日
世界著作权公约	1991年7月27日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1997年12月12日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Belarus relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Belarus must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Belarus and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Belarus, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Belarus was annexed by Russia in 1795. It was occupied by Germany during World War I. Towards the end of the war, Belarus declared independence in 1918. In 1919 the country became a republic of the Soviet Union. During the break-up of the Soviet Union, Belarus again declared independence on 27 July 1990.

Belarus has been a member of the Berne Convention since 12 December 1997 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 262-Z of May 17, 2011, on Copyright and Related Rights as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Belarus. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

一般规则

According to the Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 262-Z of May 17, 2011,

• Moral rights to works of science, literature and art are protected without limitation of time.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.20(1)]}
• The exclusive right to a work is valid during the author’s life and for 50 years after his/her death unless otherwise stipulated below.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.20(2)]}

• The exclusive right to an anonymous work or work made under a pseudonym is valid for 50 years from the moment of the first rightful disclosure of such work or 50 years from the moment of creation unless it was duly disclosed with the author’s consent within 50 years from its creation.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.20(3)]}
• The exclusive right to the work created in co-­authorship is valid during the life and for 50 years after death of the author who outlived the other co­authors.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.20(4)]}

• Calculation of the above durations starts from 1 January of the year following the year of occurrence of the legal fact that is the basis for calculating the duration.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.20(5)]}
• Termination of the period of validity of exclusive right to a work means transfer of such work to public domain. Works that have never been protected on the territory of the Republic of Belarus are deemed as transferred to public domain.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.21(1)]}
• Works transferred to public domain can be freely used by any individual or legal entity without payment of royalty. However, moral rights of the authors must be observed.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.21(2)]}

不受保护

According to the Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 262-Z of May 17, 2011,

• The following are not deemed objects of copyright: official documents (legal acts, court decisions, other administrative and court documents, constituent documents of legal entities) and their official translations; State symbols of the Republic of Belarus (State Flag of the Republic of Belarus, State Emblem of the Republic of Belarus, State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus), symbols of state decorations of the Republic of Belarus (orders and medals), state signs (paper currency of the Republic of Belarus, post stamps and other signs), official heraldry symbols (flags, emblems of administration divisions of the Republic of Belarus, heraldry signs, colours, badges, emblems of state authorities etc.); works of folk art which authors are unknown.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.7(2)]}

• Copyright shall not cover ideas, methods, processes, systems, ways, conceptions, principles, discoveries, facts even if they are expressed, presented, explained or implemented in works.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.7(2)]}

全景自由

 不可以, noncommercial only. According to the Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 262-Z of May 17, 2011,

• Works of photography, architecture, fine arts can be visualized, broadcasted or cablecasted, and publicly transmitted in any other way if such works continuously remain at the place with free admission. Representation of such works shall not be the main object of visualization, broadcasting or by cablecasting or other public transmission and shall not be used for commercial purposes.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.32(7)]}

This only permits noncommercial representations, but noncommercial licensing is not accepted at Wikimedia Commons.

版权标签

• {{PD-BY-exempt}} – for formal documents (laws, judgements, other texts of legal, administrative and judicial nature), and also their official translations; state symbols and signs (flag, coat of arms, anthem, awards, banknotes and other signs); works of folk arts, authors of which are not known.
• {{PD-Belarus}} – for works 50 years after the author's (or last-surviving co-author) death or 50 years after the first legal publication of the work published under pseudonym or anonymously.

货币

可以 Belarusian currency is not copyrighted. Monetary items, together with other state symbols, are explicitly excluded from copyright.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.7(2)]}

Please use {{PD-BY-exempt}} for Belarus currency images.

邮票

使用{{PD-BY-exempt}}。

According to the Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 262-Z of May 17, 2011, "state symbols and signs (flag, coat of arms, anthem, awards, banknotes and other signs)" are not copyrightable.^{[262-Z/2011 Art.7(2)]} According to the Postage Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 258-З of December 15, 2003, "postage stamp is an official (state) sign of postage printed on paper and carrying an artwork, and inscriptions "БЕЛАРУСЬ", "BELARUS", year of issue (in Arabic letters) and a par value (in Arabic figures). The par value of postage stamp may be designated in letters."

参见

• Беларусь
• Category:Belarusian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Belarus
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/苏联

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Bulgaria

保加利亚

著作权法规： 保加利亞 快捷方式: COM:保加利亞
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世 + 70年
集体作品	出版 + 70年
其他
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-BG-exempt}} {{PD-BulgarianGov}} {{PD-BGMFA}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1921年12月5日
世界著作权公约	1975年6月7日
世界贸易组织成员	1996年12月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Bulgaria relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Bulgaria must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Bulgaria and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Bulgaria, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Bulgaria was part of the Ottoman Empire for many years. The Principality of Bulgaria became an autonomous state after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. On 5 October 1908 Bulgaria declared its independence as the Kingdom of Bulgaria.

Bulgaria has been a member of the Berne Convention since 5 December 1921, the Universal Copyright Convention since 7 June 1975, the World Trade Organization since 1 December 1996 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights (as amended up to 2011) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Bulgaria. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

一般规则

Under the Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights (as amended up to 2023),

• Copyright shall be protected for the life of the author and 70 years after his death.^{[2023 Article 27(1)]}
• In the case of works created by two or more authors the term specified in para 1 shall run from the death of the last surviving author.^{[2023 Article 27(2)]}
• Copyright in anonymous or pseudonymous work shall expire 70 years after the work has been first made available to the public.^{[2023 Article 28]}

• Copyright in a film or other audio-visual work shall expire 70 years after the death of the last surviving among the director, the scriptwriter, the operator, the author of the dialogue and the author of the music if it has been created especially for the film.^{[2023 Article 29]}
• Copyright in encyclopaedias, periodicals and other works shall expire seventy years after making them available to the public. Where the author is disclosed, Article 27 applies.^{[2023 Article 30]}

The terms defined above begin on the first of January of the year following the year of the death of the author or in which the work was created, made available to the public or published, as applicable.^{[2023 Article 31]}

Not protected

The following are not considered subject matter of copyright:^{[2023 Article 4]}

1. normative and individual acts of state administration bodies, acts of courts, as well as their official translations;
2. ideas and concepts;
3. works of folklore;
4. news, facts, information and data.
5. materials obtained by reproduction of works referred to in Art. 5 - 10 with an expired term of copyright.

In particular, this applies to various documents, e.g. certificates, issued by units of the Bulgarian armed forces, including historical ones, like the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps (MAVC). In these cases it is advisable to use appropriate “author” templates if such exist, e.g. {{Author-MAVC}} for MAVC.

版权标签

• {{PD-BG-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright under Bulgaria law.
• {{PD-BulgarianGov}} – for government works exempt from copyright under Bulgaria law.
• {{PD-BGMFA}} — for works published on the website of the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
• {{President.bg}} — for works published on the website of the Administration of the President of the Republic of Bulgaria.

货币

 不可以. The Bulgarian National Bank requires written permission for reproduction of Bulgarian banknotes and coins of all emissions in physical or electronic form.

全景自由

 不可以, non-commercial uses only of images of permanent works in public spaces. {{NoFoP-Bulgaria}}. Under the Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights (as amended up to 2011):

• Art. 24. (amend. - SG 77/02, in force from 01.01.2003) (1) Without consent of the owner of the copyright and without payment of compensation shall be permissible:
  • 7. use of works, permanently exhibited at streets, squares and other public places without mechanical contact copying, as well as wireless broadcasting or transmitting by cable or other technical device, if done with informatory or other non-commercial purpose.^{[2011 Article 24(7)]}

註釋：

1. Please tag Bulgarian no-FoP deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:Bulgarian FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>
2. "Copyright protection expires 70 years after the death of the original author (who is defined as the creator or designer) here. On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 71st year), freely licensed images of the author's 3D works such as sculptures, buildings, bridges or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for states with no formal FOP since the author's works are now copyright free."

参见

• България
• Category:Bulgarian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Bulgaria

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Czech Republic

捷克

著作权法规： 捷克共和國 快捷方式: COM:Czechia
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	是
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-EU-no author disclosure}} {{PD-EU-unpublished}} {{PD-CzechGov}} {{FoP-Czech Republic}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1993年1月1日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Czechia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in the Czechia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Czechia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Czechia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

Czechia was formed on 1 January 1993 when Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved into Czechia and Slovakia.

Czechia has been a member of the Berne Convention since 1 January 1993, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Consolidated Version of Act No. 121/2000 Coll., on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright and on Amendment to Certain Acts (the Copyright Act, as amended by Act No. 81/2005 Coll., Act No. 61/2006 Coll. and Act No. 216/2006 Coll.) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Czechia. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

WIPO also holds the text of Act of April 22, 2008, on Amendments to Act No. 121/2000 Coll., on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright and on Amendment to the Copyright Act. This act relates to compensation and does not affect the definitions or durations of protection. Wikisource holds the Czech language consolidated version of the act as amended up to 2008.

一般规则

Under the Consolidated Version of Act No. 121/2000 Coll. as amended up to 216/2006,

• Unless stipulated otherwise, economic rights run for the life of the author and 70 years after his death.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.27(1)]}
• If a work has been created as the work of joint authors, the period of duration of economic rights is calculated from the death of the last surviving author.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.27(2)]}
• Economic rights to an anonymous and pseudonymous work run for 70 years from the time when the work was lawfully made public, unless the identity of the author becomes known.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.27(3)]}
• Economic rights to a collective work run for 70 years from the time when the work was lawfully made public except where the authors are identified when the work is made accessible to the public; in such cases the economic rights run for the life of the author and 70 years after his death.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.27(3)]}

• Where the death of the author is not decisive for the calculation of the period of duration of economic rights, and where the work has not been made public within 70 years from its creation, the economic rights expire at the end of this period.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.27(4)]}
• The duration of economic rights to an audiovisual work is calculated from the death of the last surviving of the the director, author of screenplay, author of the dialogues and composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.27(5)]}
• A work for which the period of duration of economic rights has expired may be utilised by anybody without any further provision.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.28(1)]}

• Whoever first makes public an unpublished work for which the economic rights have expired is entitled to economic rights for 25 years from making the work public.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.28(2-3)]}
• The period of duration of economic rights is calculated from the 1 January of the year after the year in which the event used for its calculation occurred.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.27(7)]}
• The economic rights of a performer run for 50 years from the creation of the performance. However, where a fixation of a performance is made public during this period; the rights of the performer shall not expire until 50 years from the time when such a fixation was made public.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.73]}

不受保护

Under the Consolidated Version of Act No. 121/2000 Coll. as amended up to 216/2006, copyright protection shall not apply to:

• An official work, such as a legal regulation, decision, public charter, publicly accessible register and collection of its documents, and also any official draft of an official work and other preparatory official documentation including the official translation of such work, Chamber of Deputies and Senate publications, a memorial chronicle of a municipality (municipal chronicles), a state symbol and symbol of a municipality, and any other such works where there is public interest in their exclusion from copyright protection.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.3(a)]}
• Creations of traditional folk culture, unless the real name of the author is commonly known and the works are anonymous or pseudonymous; such works may only be used in a way that shall not detract from their value.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.3(b)]}

版权标签

• {{PD-CzechGov}} – for public domain Czech official works, state symbols etc.
• {{Money-CZ}} – Czech currency
• {{PD-anon-70-CZ}} – for Czech public domain works that are 70+ years old and the author is unknown

货币

可以. Common legal tender of Czechia is not subject to copyright as there is public interest in their exclusion from copyright protection.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.3(a)]} This does not necessarily apply to special-issue coins, such as precious-metal coins, commemorative coins, special editions of coins for collectors, etc.

Decree No. 274/2011 Coll. of 5 September 2011, consolidated as of 1 January 2017, defines the terms and conditions under which it is possible to reproduce banknotes and coins and to produce objects imitating them:

For intangible reproductions of banknotes, it is required that their resolution not exceed 72 dots per inch and that they are marked with the word “specimen” printed diagonally in an opaque colour and in a layer that cannot be separated from the image of the banknote, with the length of the word being at least 75% of the longer side of the banknote and the height being at least 15% of the shorter side of the banknote (or with another word of the same dimensions and similar meaning). Intangible images of coins may always be produced. Tangible reproductions of banknotes and images have different conditions.

Please use {{Money-CZ}} for Czech currency images.

微不足道

Under the Consolidated Version of Act No. 121/2000 Coll. as amended up to 216/2006,

• Copyright is not infringed by anybody who uses a work incidentally, in connection with an intended primary use of another work or element.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.38c]}

全景自由

可以. {{FoP-Czech Republic}} Under the Consolidated Version of Act No. 121/2000 Coll. as amended up to 216/2006, Article 33: Use of a Work Located in Public Place says,

• Copyright is not infringed by anybody who records or expresses by drawing, painting, graphic art, photography or film a work permanently located on a square, in a street, in a park, on a public route or in any other public place; copyright shall likewise not be infringed by anybody who further uses a work so expressed, rendered or recorded. If possible, the name of the author (unless the work is an anonymous work) or the name of the person under whose name the work is being introduced in public, the title of the work and its location shall be indicated.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.33(1)]}
• The provisions of Paragraph (1) shall not apply to making a reproduction or imitation of a work of architecture in the form of erecting a building and to the reproduction and distribution of a work in the form of a three-dimensional reproduction.^{[121/2000–2006 Art.33(2)]}

The act itself does not explicitly define the meaning of the phrases “public space” (veřejné prostranství) and “permanently located” (trvale umístěno). As with all copyright exceptions, the use must fulfill the Berne three-step test. That is, this is a special-case exception, not a normal case. The uses allowed by this exception do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rights holder.

Works located on streets, squares, in public parks etc. (a common interpretation includes also works which are visible from such places, although they aren't mentioned in the act) can be pictured freely. According to Telec's interpretation, the exception cannot be applied to e. g. parts of a building not visible from a public place, even if the building is generally visible.

With regard to the used term veřejné prostranství (public space) instead of veřejně přístupné místo (publicly accessible place) and the fact that the act use exterior examples only, some interpretations are that copyright exception does not apply to some (or all) types of interiors, such as shopping center interiors, waiting rooms, museums, galleries, concert halls etc., even if they are accessible to general public. Other authors perceive such places as private.

However, the act itself does not distinguish or mention exteriors or interiors explicitly. Veřejné prostranství are more precisely defined in the Municipal Act (§ 34, 128/2000 Sb.) as "all squares, streets, markets, walkways, public vegetation, parks and other areas (prostory) accessible for everybody without restriction, thus serving to public use, disregarding ownership of this area." The Constitutional Court in their decision No. Pl. ÚS 50/03 presumed that areas which are made accessible only from the voluntariness of the owner or operator need not to fall under the term veřejné prostranství.

The spaciousness of the interior, a type of regulation of the public access (entrance fee zone, night closure, obligatory passability of the place etc.) and a purpose of the place can be relevant for the interpretation and application. There is lack of judicial precedents for more accurate distinction.

Enclosed parks which are publicly accessible in limited time (night closure) or conditioned by entrance fee can be disputable. However, as an example, the Prague Zoo declared repeatedly that its exteriors were public spaces when they argued that they were not eligible for a prohibition on smoking there. Romana Anděrová, an official speaker of the Prague Zoo, said: "A zoo is a public space, where smoking cannot be banned. Smoking is not allowed in pavilions and restaurants. Fortunately, the smoke does not penetrate to the animals, otherwise they would not like it." The zoological garden is a public space similar to Stromovka or other parks.

The exception is limited only to works permanently located in a public space. The word "permanently" was added to §33 during introduction of the European Parliament copyright directive. The directive contains a similar restriction.

This means, according the explanatory report, that freedom of panorama is usually applied to three-dimensional artistic and architectonic works (sculptures, memorials, buildings, etc.) which are named as examples in the European Directive. However, the law text does not preclude or exclude application of the exception to two-dimensional works if all conditions are met. That is, it may apply to paintings permanently incorporated into a building facade, street art, permanent informational boards etc.

Temporary exhibitions etc. are not covered by the exception. The word "permanently" is generally understood as "for an indefinite period" and is not presumed that the work is really eternal and unremovable.

邮票

Postal stamps of Czechia (they are since 1993) are copyrighted 70 years after the author's death by both authors: an engraver and a graphic artist. They are not official works. Stamps are officially announced in Poštovní věstník (Postal bulletin, it is published at least since 2000) and texts in this bulletin is public domain but the stamps are copyrighted.

原创门槛

The work must be "a unique outcome of the creative activity of the author".^{[121/2000–2006 Art.2(1)]} For photographs and computer programs, it suffices if the work "is original in the sense that it is the author’s own intellectual creation".^{[121/2000–2006 Art.2(2)]}

参见

• Česko
• Category:Czech FOP cases
• Category:License tags of the Czech Republic
• Category:Stamps of the Czech Republic
• Commons:各地著作权法规/捷克斯洛伐克

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Hungary

匈牙利

著作权法规： 匈牙利 快捷方式: COM:匈牙利
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世+70年
集体作品	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	是
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Hungary}} {{PD-HU-exempt}} {{PD-HU-unknown}} {{PD-user-hu}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1922年2月14日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Hungary relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Hungary must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Hungary and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Hungary, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

匈牙利从1922年2月14日起成为伯尔尼公约成员，于1995年1月2日加入世界贸易组织，并于2002年3月6日参加WIPO版权条约。

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Act No. LXXVI of 1999 on Copyright (consolidated text of July 16, 2015) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Hungary. WIPO holds the Hungarian text of this law in their WIPO Lex database, with an autotranslate facility. The Hungarian National Legislative Library holds the consolidated text as of February 2019.

持续时间

Under the Act No. LXXVI of 1999, updated to 2019,

• Copyright is protected in the author's life and for 70 years after his death.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.31(1)]}
• The 70-year period of protection is calculated from 1 January of the year following the death of the author, in the case of joint works, from 1 January of the year following the death of the last deceased partner.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.31(2)]}
• If the identity of the author cannot be established, the term of protection is 70 years from the first day of the year following the first publication of the work.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.31(3)]}

• In the case of several partially published works, the year of the first publication shall be calculated in parts.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.31(4)]}
• The term of protection of a jointly created work is 70 years from 1 January of the year following the first publication of the work.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.31(5)]}
• The term of protection for cinematographic works is calculated from 1 January of the year following the death of the last deceased person, whether or not they are co-authors: the director of the film, the screenwriter, the author of the dialogue and the author of music composed for the film production.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.31(6)]}

• If the term of protection is not calculated from 1 January of the year following the death of the author or the last deceased co-author, and the work is not made public within 70 years from the first day of the year following its creation, the work longer qualifies for copyright protection.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.31(7)]}
• Legal protection applies when a publisher lawfully discloses a previously unpublished work whose copyright has expired. The duration of this protection is 25 years from 1 January of the year following the first publication.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.32]}

不受保护

Under the Act No. LXXVI of 1999, updated to 2019, the following works do not enjoy copyright protection:

• Laws, other legal instruments of public administration, court or authority decisions, official or other official communications and documents, and standards and other similar provisions made by law.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.1(4)]}
• Facts or daily news that are the basis for press releases.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.1(5)]}
• An idea, principle, concept, procedure, operating method, or mathematical operation.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.1(6)]}
• The expression of folklore. This provision does not affect the copyright protection of the author of an individual, original work inspired by folk art.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.1(7)]}

版权标签

• {{PD-Hungary}} – for works when a work public domain is in Hungary
• {{PD-HU-exempt}} – for works not eligible for copyright in Hungary.
• {{PD-Coa-Hungary}} – for official coats of arms of Hungarian cities.
• {{PD-HU-unknown}} - for anonymous works published before 1943

• {{PD-redsludge-hu}} – by photos taken by a staff photographer of the Hungarian Government and is part of the Ajka red sludge accident photo series
• {{PD-user-hu|username}} – for works released into the public domain by their creators when the creators are Hungarian Wikipedia users.

货币

可以. The Hungarian National Bank (MNB) issued an exemplary decree, which permits reproductions of all forms of Hungarian banknotes and coins in a way which they cannot be misidentified as original, with the most important factor being the usage of the same material as the original. This essentially lifts the counterfeiting restriction from digital copies, without limits (since anyone in possession of a banknote could create a high-quality digital reproduction at ease).

Moreover, they have released a license to allow free usage (unless restricted by the aforementioned anti-counterfeiting decree) of the banknotes they possess direct copyright.

This covers most banknotes created since 1983. For all other notes and coins you should still have to locate the author and ask specifically for license, which is not impossible, but tough. In most cases the Magyar Nemzeti Bank is the copyright holder.

The {{HU banknote}} template should be used on recent banknotes. The copyright status for designs of coins should be researched individually. Out-of-copyright banknotes and coins can use {{PD-old}}.

全景自由

可以. {{FoP-Hungary}} Under the Act No. LXXVI of 1999, updated to 2019, if a fine art, architectural or applied art creation is erected with a permanent character outdoors in a public place, a view of it may be made and used without the authorization of the author and paying remuneration to them.^{[LXXVI/1999-2019 Art.68(1)]} Please note that – as determined in this deletion request – "fine art, architectural or applied art" does not include photographs, maps and text (e.g. content of informational boards) and thus FOP does not apply to them.

邮票

Stamps of Hungary are probably not in the public domain. Although Hungarian copyright law denies copyright protection for "means of state direction" (Act No. LXXVI. of 1999], I.4), the recommendation by the Council of Copyright Experts rejects a similar arguments for banknotes and suggests that "means of state direction" applies to specific, "official" uses of a work.

The same logic is presumed to apply to stamps as well. Assume copyrighted until general term of protection expires.

Also refer to Commons talk:Stamps/Public domain#Hungary and Commons:Undeletion requests/Archive/2013-10#File:1888 Kodaly 500.jpg

原创门槛

可以

• stylized text with a common stylized globe icon (does not show the actual image).

 不可以

• Sulinet Expressz logo

參見

• Magyarország
• Category:License tags of Hungary
• Category:Stamps of Hungary

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Moldova

摩爾多瓦

著作权法规： 摩爾多瓦 快捷方式: COM:摩爾多瓦
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
视听作品	作者逝世+70年
应用艺术	创作年份 + 25年
其他
全景自由	For 3D works made to be located permanently in public places
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Moldova}} {{PD-MD-exempt}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1995年11月2日
世界贸易组织成员	2001年7月26日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Moldova relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Moldova must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Moldova and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Moldova, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

The eastern part of the Principality of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia, was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire in 1812. After the Russian Revolution, the territory was recovered by Romania. In 1940, Bessarabia was captured by the USSR and split into the Ukrainian SSR and the newly formed Moldavian SSR within the Soviet Union. In 1990 the territory on the east of the Dneister river unilaterally broke away as Transnistria. Moldova declared independence on 27 August 1991.

Moldova has been a member of the Berne Convention since 2 November 1995, and the World Trade Organization since 26 July 2001 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 139 of July 2, 2010, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights (as amended by Law No. 212 of July 29, 2016) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Moldova. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

The 2010 law superseded the Law on Copyright and Related Rights No.293-XIII of 23.11.1994.^{[139/2010-16 Art.69]} The law was retroactive: the provisions of Article 23 (Durations) of the 2010 Law also apply to works whose term of protection calculated according to the provisions previously in force had expired.

^{[139/2010-16 Art.70]}

On 9 October 2022, the new Law No. LP230/2022 of 28.07.2022 on Copyright and Related Rights (English text, Romanian text, Russian text) came into force. In accordance with Article 122(3) of the new law, Law No. 139 of July 2, 2010 is repealed.

General rules

Under the former Moldova Law. Art. 17. (Law no. 1268-XV), a file first published in the USSR of Moldova was in the public domain if it met either of the following conditions:

• It is a photographic or cinematographic work and fifty years have passed since the year of its production.
• It is another type of work and fifty years have passed since the year of the creator's (if known) death.

Under Law No. 139 of 2010 as amended in 2016,

• The economic rights in relation to works other than works of applied art are protected for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, computed from 1 January of the year following that of his death, unless otherwise provided below.^{[139/2010-16 Art.23(1)]}
• Copyright in audiovisual works is protected for 70 years from 1 January of the year following that of the death of the last surviving joint author: a) the principle director; b) the author of the scenario (the scriptwriter); c) the author of the dialogue; d) the composer – the author of the musical work (with or without words) created specifically for such audiovisual work.^{[139/2010-16 Art.23(2)]}

• The term of protection of a musical composition with words expire 70 years after the death of the last to survive of the author of the lyrics and the composer of the musical composition, provided that both were specifically created for the respective musical composition with words.^{[139/2010-16 Art.23(2')]}
• Copyright in anonymous or pseudonymous works, except for works of applied art, is protected for 70 years from 1 January of the year following that of the legal publishing of the work. If the author of an anonymous or pseudonymous work reveals his identity or if it becomes evident during that period, the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) apply.^{[139/2010-16 Art.23(3)]}

• Copyright in works of joint authorship, except for works of applied art, are protected for the life of each joint author and for 70 years from 1 January of the year following that of the death of the last surviving joint author.^{[139/2010-16 Art.23(4)]}
• For the term of copyright in collective works provisions of paragraphs (1) and (3) of the present Article apply.^{[139/2010-16 Art.23(5)]}
• Copyright in works of applied art is protected for 25 years from its creation, except the industrial designs and models unregistered in compliance with the Law on the protection of the industrial designs and models, created for industrial purposes of reproduction and subject to a 3-year protection from creation.^{[139/2010-16 Art.23(7)]}

The copyright protection terms introduced by Law No. 139 of July 2, 2010 remain virtually the same in Law No. 230/2022 of 28.07.2022 on Copyright and Related Rights. The provisions are now at Article 12 of the new law.

Not protected

Under Law No. 139 of 2010 as amended in 2016, copyright protection does not extend to:^{[139/2010-16 Art.8]}

• legal acts, other administrative, political or judicial acts (laws, court decisions), or to the official translations thereof;
• state emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs, etc.);
• folklore expressions;
• daily news and facts of simple informational nature.

版权标签

• {{PD-MD-exempt}} – for official documents (laws, court decisions, etc.) or to the official translations thereof, state emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs, etc.), folklore expressions, daily news and facts of simple informational nature.

• {{PD-Moldova}} – Moldovan or Soviet work first published in USSR or Moldova and in the public domain because its copyright has expired: photographic or cinematographic work and fifty years have passed since the year of its production, or another type of work and fifty years have passed since the year of the creator's death.

货币

可以 Moldova currency is not copyrighted. Monetary items, together with other state symbols, are explicitly excluded from copyright by article 8 of Law on Copyright and Related Rights of Moldova.

Please use {{PD-MD-exempt}} for Moldova currency images.

全景自由

Under Law No. 230/2022 of 28.07.2022 on Copyright and Related Rights,

• The reproduction, broadcasting, communication to the public and making available to the public of the following acts shall be permitted without the consent of the author or rightholder and without payment of any remuneration in the following cases:... h) use of works, such as works of architecture or sculpture, intended for permanent location in public places;^{[230/2022 Art.57(h)]}

Prior to July 2010, there were commercial restrictions on such works similar to those of the Soviet Union, but an amendment (part of Law No. 139 of 2010) removed that restriction.

Free reproduction of artistic works (including commercial purposes) is:

• 可以 for architecture and sculptures made to be located permanently in public places; per article 57(h)
•  不可以 for sculptures not made to be located permanently in public places
•  不可以 for paintings, drawings, engravings or photographs.

Please use {{FoP-Moldova}} to tag images from Moldova which meet Freedom of Panorama conditions.

邮票

使用{{PD-MD-exempt}}.

According to the law on Copyright of the Republic of Moldova no. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994 (Amended by Law no. 1268-XV, of 25 July 2002) Article 7. refers to "State emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs, etc.)" as Works Not Protected by Copyright. The Moldovan Postal Law No. 36 from 29 April 2016 defines postal stamp as "printed valuable sign issued and put into circulation exclusively by the state as an attribute of its sovereignty".

參見

• Moldova
• Category:Moldovan FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Moldova
• Category:Stamps of Moldova
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/德涅斯特沿岸共和国
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/苏联

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Poland

波蘭

著作权法规： 波兰 快捷方式: COM:波兰
保护期限
标准	作者逝世 + 70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	是
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-Polish}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1920年1月28日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年7月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2004年3月23日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Poland relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Poland must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Poland and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Poland, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

Poland has been a member of the Berne Convention since 28 January 1920, the World Trade Organization since 1 July 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 23 March 2004.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed the Act of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up Act of September 25, 2015) as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Poland. WIPO holds the Polish language text of the law as of 2015 with an automatic translation tool in their WIPO Lex database.

该法案具有追溯效力，并恢复了已过期的版权。^{[1996–2016 Art.124(3)]}

Wikisource has an English translation of the original 1994 law. Wikisource also has a Polish-language version as of 2016. Tomasz Rychlicki provides information on some Polish copyright cases on his blog.

一般规则

Under the Consolidated 1994 Polish Copyright Law as of 2016,

• Except as specified otherwise below, copyright expires 70 years from the author's death, or from the last surviving co-author's death with works of joint authorship.^{[1996–2016 Art.36(1)]}
• For anonymous or pseudonymous works copyright expires 70 years from date of first being made public, unless the pseudonym does not leave any doubts as to the author's identity or the author disclosed his identity.

^{[1996–2016 Art.36(2)]}

• For work to which copyrights are entitled by law to a person other than the author, copyright lasts 70 years from the date of being made public, or from the date of creation if it was not made public in this period.^{[1996–2016 Art.36(3)]}
• For in an audiovisual work, copyright lasts 70 years from the death of the last survivor of the the main director, author of the script, author of dialogues and composer of music composed for the audiovisual work.

^{[1996–2016 Art.36(4)]}

• For a musical work with words, if the words and music were composed specifically for this work, copyright lasts for 70 years from the death of the last survivor of the author of the words and composer of the music.^{[1996–2016 Art.36(5)]}
• The duration of copyright is counted in full years following the year in which the event occurred on which the duration is based.^{[1996–2016 Art.39]}

追溯变化

Poland extended its copyright term to 50 years after the death of the author (or 50 years after publication for anonymous works) on May 23, 1994, and then to 70 years on January 1, 2003.

This means that on the URAA date of January 1, 1996, the shorter term of 50 years was still valid. However, some of these works then became re-copyrighted in 2003 within Poland (and later the European Union) as the term extension explicitly also applied to works on which the copyright had already expired.

For photographs, the situation was different:

• According to the Article 21 of the Copyright law of March 29, 1926 (valid until 1952) photographs lost copyright protection ten years after the picture was taken. Series of scientific or artistic pictures lost copyright protection after 50 years.
• According to Article 27 of the Copyright law of July 10, 1952 (valid until May 23, 1994) photographs and series of photographs lost copyright protection ten years after their publication date.
• However, the retroactive Polish Copyright Law of February 4, 1994, Article 124, put all those images back under copyright protection for 50 years since the death of the author.
• An amendment passed in late 2002, effective January 1, 2003, retroactively extended terms to 70 years after the death of an author.

不受保护

Under the Consolidated 1994 Polish Copyright Law as of 2016, copyright protection does not cover:^{[1996–2016 Art.4]}

1. normative acts and drafts thereof as well as official documents
2. official documents, materials, signs and symbols;
3. published patent or protection descriptions;
4. simple press information.

However in some instances the use of an image published by the government in Poland might be regulated by other laws. It is being debated if postage stamps and banknotes fall into this category. (See: {{PD-Polishsymbol}})

According to 2016 court decision photographs of maps, documents, medals, memorial plates do not enjoy their own copyrights.

In the judgment of 27 February 2009 (V CSK 337/2008), the Supreme Court of Poland stated: "The official materials referred to in Article 4 §2 of the [Polish] Copyright Law Act should be understood as materials coming from an office or other institution performing public tasks."

Additionally all content published on www.gov.pl is under Creative-Commons Attribution 3.0 license.

版权标签

• {{PD-Polish}} – 在1994年5月23日以前在波兰出版的照片属于公有领域。
• {{PD-Polishsymbol}} – 波兰政府文献、材料、徽章、标志属于公有领域。
• See also non-PD Polish copyleft license tags: {{PolishSenateCopyright}}, {{PolishPresidentCopyright}}

货币

 不可以. Polish National Bank requires written permission for reproduction of Polish banknotes and coins which are legal tender on the territory of the Republic of Poland in physical or electronic form.

• Discussion that resulted in the deletion of Polish money images from Commons

全景自由

可以。 {{FoP-Poland}}（仅限建築外部）

The copyright act from February 4, 1994 in article 33 point 1 allows one to propagate works that are permanently exhibited on the publicly accessible roads, streets, squares or gardens provided that the propagation is not for the same use. The name of the creator and source should be provided if it is possible by article 34. This use is royalty free, provided that it does not harm the legitimate interests of the creator by article 34.

邮票

According to Article 4, case 2 of the Polish Copyright Law Act of February 4, 1994 "normative acts and drafts thereof as well as official documents, materials, signs and symbols are not subject to copyrights". Such materials should use {{PD-Polishsymbol}}. Unfortunately it is unclear if Polish stamps and banknotes are considered official materials, signs or symbols by Polish law. In 2009 about 900 files with Polish stamps were deleted (see Commons talk:Stamps/Archive 1#Polish stamps are copyrighted for the discussion).

原创门槛

Per Tomasz Targosz (Institute of Intellectual Property Law, Jagiellonian University Kraków):

Polish copyright law has quite a long tradition of setting the threshold rather low, which may encourage frivolous lawsuits forcing courts to ponder whether simple graphic designs, short lines of text or even names should or should not be protected by copyright law.

参见

• Commons:重複利用公有領域藝術照片
• Polska
• Category:License tags of Poland
• Category:Polish FOP cases
• Category:Stamps of Poland
• User:Piotrus/PolishCopyright

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Romania

羅馬尼亞

著作权法规： 罗马尼亚 快捷方式: COM:罗马尼亚
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
其他
全景自由	否
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Romania}} {{PD-RO-1956}} {{PD-RO-photo}} {{PD-RO-exempt}} {{PD-user-ro}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1927年1月1日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Romania relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Romania must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Romania and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Romania, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

管辖法律

Romania has been a member of the Berne Convention since 1 January 1927, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996 on Copyright and Neighboring Rights as the main IP law enacted by the legislature of Romania. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database.

The 1996 law was not retroactive:

• Legal acts concluded under the former legislation shall produce all their effects according to that legislation, with the exception of clauses that provide for the transfer of the utilization rights in any future works that the author might yet create.^{[8/1996 Art.149(1)]}
• The duration of the economic rights in works created by authors deceased before the entry into force of this Law and for which the term of protection, calculated according to the procedures of the prior legislation, has not expired shall be extended up to the limit of the term provided for in this Law. Such extension shall come into effect only since the entry into force of the present law.

^{[8/1996 Art.149(3)]}

一般规则

Under Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996 on Copyright and Neighboring Rights,

• The economic rights last for the author’s lifetime, and after his death for 70 years, regardless of the date on which the work was legally disclosed to the public.^{[8/1996 Art.25(1)]}
• The person who, after the copyright protection has expired, legally discloses for the first time a previously unpublished work enjoys protection for 25 years from the first legal disclosure to the public.

^{[8/1996 Art.25(2)]}

• The term of the economic rights in works legally disclosed to the public under a pseudonym or without a mention of the author’s name is 70 years from the date on which they were disclosed to the public.^{[8/1996 Art.26(1)]}
  • Where the author’s identity is revealed to the public before the term mentioned above expires, or the pseudonym used by the author leaves no doubt about his identity, the provisions of Article 25 (1) shall apply.

^{[8/1996 Art.26(2)]}

• The term of the economic rights in works of joint authorship shall be 70 years from the death of the last surviving co-author.^{[8/1996 Art.27(1)]}
  • Where the contributions of the co-authors are distinct, the term of the economic rights in each such contribution shall be 70 years from the death of the author thereof.

^{[8/1996 Art.27(2)]}

• The term of the economic rights in collective works shall be 70 years from the date of disclosure of the works. Where disclosure does not occur for 70 years following the creation of the works, the term of the economic rights shall expire 70 years after the said creation.^{[8/1996 Art.28]}
• The terms above are calculated from 1 January of the year following the author’s death or the date on which the work was disclosed to the public, as the case may be.^{[8/1996 Art.32]}

The previous law on authors' rights in Romania was Decree no. 321 of June 18, 1956, published on June 27, 1956. It had much shorter copyright terms (see articles 6 and 7). The earlier copyright law was the law on authors' rights from June 28, 1923, itself modified by the law no. 596 from July 24, 1946, the decree no. 19 from February 16, 1951, the decree no. 428 from November 13, 1952, and the decree no. 591 of December 17, 1955.

The 1923 law had a copyright term of 30 years after the author's death if heirs existed, the 1956 law had a general term of 50 years after the author's death or 50 years from publication for works created by a legal entity. Shorter terms in the 1956 law existed for authors of entries in encyclopedias and dictionaries (20 years from publication), and for photographers (5 years from publication for individual artistic photos, 10 years for a series of such). These terms were not extended by the new law for works that were already in the public domain, putting the work of any author who died before January 1st, 1946 in the public domain. However, it's been more than 70 years since then, so newer works may also be in the public domain.

不受保护

Under Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996 on Copyright and Neighboring Rights, the following shall not benefit from the legal protection accorded to copyright:^{[8/1996 Art.9]}

(a) ideas, theories, concepts, scientific discoveries, proceedings, functioning methods or mathematical concepts as such and inventions, contained in a work, whatever the manner of the adoption, writing, explanation or expression thereof;

(b) official texts of a political, legislative, administrative or judicial nature, and official translations thereof;

(c) official symbols of the State, public authorities and organizations, such as armorial bearings, seals, flags, emblems, shields, badges and medals;

(d) means of payment;

(e) news and press information;

(f) simple facts and data.

Also, the photographs of letters, deeds, documents of any kind, technical drawings and other similar papers do not benefit from protection.^{[8/1996 Art.85(2)]}

版权标签

• {{PD-RO-exempt}} – for: (a) the ideas, theories, concepts, scientific discoveries, procedures, working methods, or mathematical concepts as such and inventions, contained in a work, whatever the manner of the adoption, writing, explanation or expression thereof; (b) official texts of a political, legislative, administrative or judicial nature, and official translations thereof; (c) official symbols of the State, public authorities and organizations, such as armorial bearings, seals, flags, emblems, shields, badges and medals; (d) means of payment; (e) news and press information; (f) simple facts and data; (g) the photographs of letters, deeds, documents of any kind, technical drawings and other similar papers.

• {{PD-RO-photo}} – for: (a) photographs series taken before 1986; (b) photographs taken before 1991.
• {{PD-RO-1956}} – for: (a) encyclopedias, dictionaries, corpora issued before 1976; (b) artistic photographs series taken before 1986; (c) artistic photographs taken before 1991.
• {{PD-Romania}} – for: works which have expired in Romania prior to 1996 (usually prior to 1946) under the terms specified in the 1956 law
• {{PD-user-ro|username}} – for works released into the public domain by their creators when the creators are Romanian Wikipedia users.

货币

可以 Article 9(d) of the Romanian copyright law of March 14, 1996 excludes means of payment from copyright.

Use {{PD-money-Romania}} to tag reproductions of Romanian currency.

全景自由

 不可以, non-commercial only. Under Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996 on Copyright and Neighboring Rights,

• The following uses of a work already disclosed to the public shall be permitted without the author’s consent and without payment of remuneration, provided that such uses conform to proper practice, are not at variance with the normal exploitation of the work and are not prejudicial to the author or to the owners of the exploitation rights:

^{[8/1996 Art.33(1)]}

• ... the reproduction, to the exclusion of any means involving direct contact with the work, distribution or communication to the public of the image of an architectural work, work of plastic art, photographic work or work of applied art permanently located in a public place, except where the image of the work is the main subject of such reproduction, distribution or communication, and if it is used for commercial purposes;^{[8/1996 Art.33(1)(f)]}

Wikimedia Commons does not allow content that is restricted to non-commercial uses only, see Commons:Licensing#Acceptable licenses for more information.

注释

"Copyright protection expires 70 years after the death of the original author (who is defined as the creator or designer) here. On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 71st Year), freely licensed images of the author's 3D works such as sculptures, buildings, bridges or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for states with no formal FOP since the author's works are now copyright free."

邮票

使用{{PD-RO-exempt}}。

According to the Romanian Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law no. 8/1996 of 14 March 1996 with further amendments Chapter 3 Article 9 "means of payment" shall not benefit from the legal protection accorded to copyright; therefore images of stamps are deemed to be in the public domain. Further, the Romanian law on postal services from 6 March 2013 defines postal stamp as "paper of value issued and put into circulation exclusively under the authority of the state, as an attribute of its sovereignty", implying that Romania postal stamps are "official symbols of the State, public authorities and organizations", which are not protected by the Romanian copyright.

參見

• România
• Category:Romanian FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Romania
• Category:Postage stamps of Romania

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Russia

俄罗斯

著作权法规： 俄罗斯联邦 快捷方式: COM:Russia
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
死后出版	发表年份+70年
其他
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-RusEmpire}} {{PD-Russia-expired}} {{PD-Russia-1996}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1995年3月13日
世界著作权公约	1973年5月27日
世界贸易组织成员	2012年8月22日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2009年2月9日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

本頁面概述了與將作品上傳到維基共享資源相關的俄羅斯聯邦版權規則。請注意，任何源自俄羅斯的作品必須在俄羅斯聯邦和美國處於公共領域，或在自由許可下可用，然後才能上傳到維基共享資源。如果對來自俄羅斯的作品的版權狀況有任何疑問，請參閱相關法律進行澄清。

管辖法律

俄罗斯联邦于1995年3月13日参与伯尔尼公约，于2009年2月5日参与WIPO版权条约，以及于2012年8月22日参与世界贸易组织。

在俄羅斯創作的作品的版權基於1993年的俄羅斯版權法及其1995年和2004年的修正案。自2008年1月1日起，知識產權受民法典第四部分和民法典第四部分實施法的約束。 這部新法律取代了俄羅斯以前的所有知識產權法。同樣的法律適用於前蘇聯蘇維埃社會主義聯邦社會主義共和國的作品，因為俄羅斯被承認為蘇聯的十二個合法繼承者之一（作為一個共和國聯盟）。來自其他前蘇聯加盟共和國的作品的版權也可能由相應的後蘇聯國家索取。

持续时间

根據2006年12月18日第230-FZ號俄羅斯聯邦民法典第四卷第1256條，如果作品在俄羅斯帝國 (俄羅斯共和國) 除了芬蘭大公國和波蘭國會之前1917年11月7日，在蘇維埃俄羅斯或任何其他國家的領土上首次出版後30天內沒有重新出版。

根據2006年12月18日俄羅斯聯邦第230-FZ號民法典第四卷第1281條和俄羅斯聯邦12月18日第231-FZ號法律第5條和第6條，2006（俄羅斯聯邦民法典第四卷實施法），如果符合以下條件，作品在俄羅斯屬於公有領域：

• 作者於1950年1月1日之前去世。

• 作者於1950年1月1日 和1954年1月1日之間去世，在偉大衛國戰爭（二戰東部戰線）並沒有參加。
• 該作品最初是在1943年1月1日之前以匿名或化名出版的，並且在出版後的50年中作者的姓名並未為人所知。

• 該作品最初於1943年1月1日至1954年1月1日以匿名或化名發表，作者姓名在出版後的70年中無人知曉。
• 該作品是非業餘電影或電視電影（或鏡頭或片段），於1929年1月1日至1954年1月1日首次放映。

在偉大的衛國戰爭（第二次世界大戰）期間工作或參與其中的作者的作品延期4年，因此在作者去世74年後成為公共領域。（俄羅斯民法典第1281條第5部分）。 如果作者在死後受到鎮壓和平反，版權保護的倒計時不是從死亡日期開始，而是從康復日期開始。如果作品是在死後首次出版，版權期限從第一次出版之日起計算，除非作者後來被改過自新，在這種情況下，它從後來的改過日起再次運行。

曾討論過1973年以前的蘇聯作品是否無版權，起源於蘇聯解體後的不確定時期。結論是這個理論是不正確的；參見Template talk:PD-Soviet中的討論。

版权标签

公有领域标签

参见：PD Russia license tags

自2008年1月1日起，知識產權受2006年俄羅斯法律230-FL：民法典第四部分以及俄羅斯法律231-FL 2006年：民法典第四部分實施法案。這部新法律取代了俄羅斯以前的所有知識產權法。

• 一般而言，{{PD-Russia}}適用
• {{PD-RusEmpire}}用于1917年11月7日前在俄罗斯帝国（或俄罗斯共和国）领土（除了芬兰大公馆和波兰国徽）出版，并且首次出版之后30天内没有在苏联俄国再次出版的作品。
• {{PD-Russia-1996}}——此作品在俄羅斯和美國都屬於公共領域，因為：
  • 作者于1942年1月1日前去世。
  • 作者于1942年1月1日~1946年1月1日间去世，作品并非在伟大的卫国战争（第二次世界大战期间苏德东部战线战争）期间制作，且作者并未参与战争。
  • 作品最初于1943年1月1日前匿名发表，或以笔名出版，且作者姓名在出版后50年间未知。
  • 作品最初于1943年1月1日~1946年1月1日间匿名发表，或以笔名发表，且作者姓名在出版后70年间未知。
  • 作品是非业余电影或电视剧（或其拍摄过程或片段），于1929年1月1日~1946年1月1日间首次放映。
• {{PD-RU-exempt}}用于俄罗斯联邦的国家象征及官方标志（旗帜、纹章、装饰图案、货币符号及其他国家象征和官方符号）。
• {{PD-Brockhaus&Efron}}——用于出自《Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary》（1890-1907）的图片。

对于首次出版不只限于俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国的作品，只要其也在其他苏联加盟共和国出版，或同时在多个苏联加盟共和国出版，就请参考对应的苏联继承国专页。例如如果一个苏联作品首次出版是在乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国的话，请参见共享资源:各地著作权法规/乌克兰：版权标签。（此时也可直接访问{{PD-Ukraine}}。）

共享资源标签

• License tags of Russia

货币

可以，俄羅斯貨幣不受版權保護。 俄羅斯民法典第四部分第1259(6)條（涵蓋知識產權）明確排除了貨幣項目以及其他國家標誌的版權。但是，此類項目的“草稿”版權歸其作者所有。當公共機構採用這樣的草案並將其變成官方標誌時，由此產生的官方標誌不受版權保護，可以在不提及草案原作者的情況下進行複制。（參見第1264條。）

貨幣項目已在1993年立法中排除在版權之外，該立法一直有效到2007年底。參見2004年修訂的1993年法律第8條。

请使用{{PD-RU-exempt}}标记俄罗斯货币的图片。

全景自由

• 可以对于建筑：{{FoP-Russia}}
• 可以对于花园设计的作品：{{FoP-Russia}}
•  不可以对于艺术作品，包括雕塑：{{NoFoP-Russia}}

俄羅斯聯邦民法典第四部分第1276條規定：

• 自由使用永久位於自由開放的地方的工作
  。未經作者或其他版權持有人同意或支付版稅，永久位於自由開放的地方的視覺藝術或攝影作品，除非是作品的描繪，否則應允許複製、廣播到空中或通過電纜這種方式複制的基本對象，或者將作品的描繪用於商業目的。
  允許自由使用、複製、廣播或通過有線方式傳播位於自由開放場所或從該場所可見的建築、城市發展、園林和景觀設計作品。

在與俄羅斯維基媒體協商後添加的建築、城市發展以及花園和景觀設計作品的全景自由例外已於2014年10月1日隨民法修正案生效。

關於非建築藝術作品，對於非商業用途仍有版權例外，但非商業用途僅限於不允許在共享資源上使用 和不幸的是，我們沒有足夠數量的法院判決來澄清情況。一項重要的法院判決指出，展示照片的複制不是二維 3D 對象的創建。 參見Commons:Форум/Архив/2010#Судебное решение о фотографиях трёхмерных объектов中的討論。

在2008年1月1日前，全景自由受类似（但并不相同）的俄罗斯著作权法第21条管制。

版權保護在原作者（定義為創作者或設計者）去世後70年到期。 次年的1月1日（即第71年的1月1日），作者的3D作品（例如雕塑或紀念碑）的自由許可圖像現在自由並可上傳到共享資源。對於沒有正式全景自由的州來說，缺乏全景自由在這裡不再相關，因為作者的作品現在是無版權的。

目前不清楚克里米亚地区受版权保护的建筑物受俄罗斯还是限制更严格的乌克兰法律管理。基于共享资源预防性原则，显然非自由的克里米亚建筑物的图片不应上传至共享资源。请参见Commons:Village_pump/Copyright/Archive/2014/09#Buildings_in_Crimea。无论如何，1954年2月19日之前在克里米亚境内创作的摄影作品受俄罗斯法律保护。

邮票

使用{{PD-RU-exempt|stamps}}

根據2006年12月8日的俄羅斯聯邦民法典（第230-FZ號）第四部分第1259.6條，官方符號和標誌（旗幟、徽章、命令、鈔票等），以及符號和市政組織的標誌不受版權保護。根據1999年7月17日俄羅斯聯邦第176-FZ號聯邦法律郵政服務第2條，郵資的官方標誌包括“郵票和其他標誌放在郵件上，以證明郵資已被有薪酬的”。

根據俄羅斯聯邦交通部第115號令於1994年5月26日生效的官方郵資標誌和特殊郵戳條例第1.1條，具體定義了官方郵資標誌並標記了郵票、紀念品和小型張 、貼郵票的信封和作為郵資標誌的郵政文具卡。即使作品仍受版權保護，俄羅斯郵政也可以使用，而不會改變所使用作品的版權狀態。

受版權保護的繪畫可以用在信封等上，{{PD-RU-exempt}}將適用，而無需將繪畫變成公共領域的作品。前提是俄羅斯郵政已獲得版權所有者的許可。我們可以有把握地假設俄羅斯郵政已與此類作品的版權所有者達成協議。

图瓦邮票

使用{{PD-RU-exempt}}。

從1921年到1944年，圖瓦以坦努圖瓦的名義組成了一個主權獨立的國家，正式名稱為圖瓦人民共和國或坦努圖瓦人民共和國。 然而，坦努圖瓦的獨立只得到其鄰國蘇聯和蒙古的承認。 自1944年以來，圖瓦一直是俄羅斯聯邦的一部分。

原创门槛

自動相機工作

使用{{PD-RU-exempt-autocam}}

可以由自動相機（俄語：автоматическая камера，不要與自動相機混淆：автоматизированная камера）製作的攝影作品或視頻作品版權，因為這些作品是由技術工具製作的，沒有創造性的人類活動。俄羅斯聯邦最高法院，關於適用俄羅斯聯邦民法典第四部分的2019年4月23日第10號會議決議第80部分

例子

• 任何由自動相機製作的用於行政違規記錄的照片或視頻作品（例如，由自動相機用於駕駛違規記錄）。俄羅斯聯邦最高法院，關於適用俄羅斯聯邦民法典第四部分的2019年4月23日第10號會議決議第80部分

簡單的創意作品

 不可以創造性工作（創造性人類活動）的簡單結果受版權保護。俄羅斯聯邦最高法院，關於適用俄羅斯聯邦民法典第四部分的2019年4月23日第10號會議決議第80部分

例子

• 簡單的黑色正方形作為幾何形狀本身是不受版權保護的。然而，“Kazimir Malevich”的Black Square受版權保護，因為這幅畫是公認的藝術風格的創造性作品的結果 - “至上主義”，並且它在公共領域是因為版權期限到期，而不是因為結果簡單。

標誌

 有疑問，俄羅斯法院沒有明確的先例來說明簡單標識的原創性門檻。

签名

可以。有一個俄語維基百科討論，存檔在w:ru:Википедия:Форум/Архив/Авторское право/2021/06#Автографы，用戶認為簽名是驗證真實性的技術工具，不是行為創造力，而不是科學、文學或藝術作品。

参见

• Russia
• Category:License tags of Russia
• Category:Russian FOP cases
• Category:Stamps of Russia
• Category:Stamps of Tuva
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/苏联

引用

文本嵌入自
COM:Slovakia

斯洛伐克

著作权法规： 斯洛伐克 快捷方式: COM:斯洛伐克
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	创作或发表年份+70年
视听作品	作者逝世+70年
其他
全景自由	是
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-old-auto}} {{PD-SlovakGov}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1993年1月1日
世界贸易组织成员	1995年1月1日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Slovakia relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Slovakia must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Slovakia and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Slovakia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

Governing laws

Slovakia was formed on 1 January 1993 when Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Slovakia has been a member of the Berne Convention since 1 January 1993, the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995 and the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002.

As of 2018 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed Act No. 185/2015 Coll. on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended by Act No. 125/2016 Coll.) as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Slovakia. WIPO holds an English-language version of the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. Slov-Lex holds the text in Slovak.

General rules

Under Act No. 185/2015 Coll. as amended by Act No. 125/2016 Coll,

• Economic rights run from the moment of creation of the work for the life of the author and 70 years after his death.^{[125/2016 Section 32(1)]}
• In case of co-authorship, economic rights run for the life of the last surviving from the co-authors and for 70 years after his death.

^{[125/2016 Section 32(1)]}

• Where an audiovisual work is created as a work of co-authorship, economic rights run for the life of the last surviving from the director, script author, dialogues author and author of music created especially for this work and 70 years after his death.^{[125/2016 Section 32(1)]}
• Rights to an unpublished work run for 25 years after releasing the work.^{[125/2016 Section 32(2)]}
• For pseudonymous and anonymous works, economic rights run for 70 years after its lawful releasing. If it was not released within 70 years after its creation, economic rights expire after elapsing of this period.

^{[125/2016 Section 32(3)]}

• Where a work was created for an employer and was released without indication of name of the author, economic rights run for 70 years after its lawful releasing. If it was not released within 70 years after its creation, economic rights expire after elapsing of this period.^{[125/2016 Section 32(4)]}
• Where a musical work is merged with a literary work, which were originally created in order to be merged, economic rights with respect to these works run for the life of the last surviving author of these works and 70 years after his death.^{[125/2016 Section 32(5]}

The period of protection of economic rights expires upon the last day of the calendar year in which the period of protection of economic rights has elapsed.^{[125/2016 Section 32(7)]}

Not protected

The following are not subject to copyright:^{[125/2016 Section 5]}

• Text of legislation, a decision of public authority or a court decision, technical standard, including draft materials and translations thereof
• Land-use planning documents
• State symbol, municipality symbol, symbol of self-governing region; this does not apply to a work which formed the basis for creating of such symbol,
• Speech presented in discussions on public affairs
• Daily news: information on events or circumstances. A work discussing daily news is not considered daily news
• Work of traditional folk culture

版权标签

• {{PD-SlovakGov}} – for public domain Slovak official works, public documents, etc.

货币

 不可以. The Slovak National Bank does not provide information about copyright on images of currency. Some third parties, such as shops, have been granted permission to deal with Slovakian currency.

Slovakia has used the Euro since 2009. See COM:CRT/European Union Currency for more information.

全景自由

可以 {{FoP-Slovakia}}

Under Act No. 185/2015 Coll. as amended by Act No. 125/2016 Coll,

• Copyright is not infringed by a person who without authorisation of its author uses the work permanently situated in public places by making copies, communication to the public or public distribution by transfer of title.^{[125/2016 Section 41(1)]}
• The above does not apply to making a copy of architectural work by means of building.

^{[125/2016 Section 41(2)]}

參見

• Slovensko
• Commons:各地著作权法规/捷克斯洛伐克

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Transnistria

德涅斯特河沿岸

有限国际承认

德涅斯特沿岸共和国的位置

德涅斯特河沿岸是一个未获国际承认的国家，其在苏联解体后于1990年从摩尔多瓦分离。联合国认为该地区属于摩尔多瓦的一部分。

对于共享资源而言，大概可以考虑适用摩尔多瓦的法律。

版权标签

• {{PD-PMR-exempt}}在適用於源自德涅斯特河沿岸的作品的情況下，可以添加此標籤。根據摩爾多瓦的法律，該文件也應該是免費的。

参见

• Category:Transnistria
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/摩尔多瓦

引用

注意：上述描述可能不准确，不完整或过时，因此必须谨慎对待。在您上传文件至维基共享资源前，您应当确保其可以自由使用。 参见：共享资源:免责声明

文本嵌入自
COM:Ukraine

烏克蘭

著作权法规： 乌克兰 快捷方式: COM:乌克兰
保护期限
标准	作者逝世+70年
匿名	出版 + 70年
其他
全景自由	否
截至年底	是
一般授权条款标签	{{PD-Ukraine}}
协议
伯尔尼公约	1995年10月25日
世界贸易组织成员	2008年5月16日
乌拉圭回合协议法案回溯日期‌*	1996年1月1日
世界知识产权协议	2002年3月6日
*‌只要一个作品在美国可以受版权保护，在1928年12月31日之后发表，并在来源国的URAA日期受版权保护，那么它通常会在美国受保护。

This page provides an overview of copyright rules of Ukraine relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons. Note that any work originating in Ukraine must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both Ukraine and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Ukraine, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.

背景

In the past, Ukraine was controlled at different times in whole or part by Kievan Rus', Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Austria. After World War I, Ukraine became a founding member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in December 1922. During the dissolution of the USSR, on 24 August 1991 the Ukrainian parliament adopted the Act of Independence.

Ukraine has been a member of the Berne Convention since 25 October 1995, the WIPO Copyright Treaty since 6 March 2002 and the World Trade Organization since 16 May 2008.

As of 2023 the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), an agency of the United Nations, listed "Law of Ukraine No. 2811-IX of December 1, 2022, on Copyright and Related Rights" as the main copyright law enacted by the legislature of Ukraine. WIPO holds the text of this law in their WIPO Lex database. The law repeals the "Law of Ukraine No. 3792-XII of December 23, 1993, on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to October 27, 2016)" and its successor "Law No. 3792-XII of December 23, 1993, on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to April 26, 2017)", both of which are also available in the WIPO database.

一般规则

Under Law No. 3792-XII of December 23, 1993 as amended up to April 26, 2017),

• Copyright in a work arises from the fact of its creation and takes effect from the date of creation.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.28(1)]}
• Copyright is valid throughout the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, except as provided below.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.28(2)]}

• For works published anonymously or under a pseudonym, copyright expires 70 years after the work was released. If the pseudonym adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to the identity of the author or the author is revealed no later than 70 years after the publication of the work, copyright lasts for the author's life plus 70 years.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.28(3)]}
• Copyright in collaborative works is valid for life and 70 years after the death of the last co-author.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.28(4)]}

• Copyright in works of posthumously rehabilitated authors is valid for 70 years after their rehabilitation.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.28(6)]}
• Copyright in a work first published within 30 years after the author's death is valid for 70 years from the date of its lawful publication.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.28(7)]}
• Persons who first publish an unpublished work after its copyright protection expires enjoy protection for 25 years from the time when the work was first published.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.28(8)]}
• Calculation of the terms of copyright starts from 1 January of the year following the relevant event.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.28(9)]}

Copyright protection under the 1993 act applied to all works where the copyright had not expired before the act became effective.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Final.4]} A Ukrainian or Ukrainian SSR work is in the public domain in Ukraine if it was published before 1 January 1951, and the creator (if known) died before that date. This is the effect of the copyright term extension from 50 to 70 years in 2001.

A Ukrainian or Ukrainian SSR work that is in the public domain in Ukraine according to this rule is in the public domain in the U.S. only if it was in the public domain in Ukraine before 1 January 1996, e.g. if it was published before 1 January 1946 and the creator died before this date, and no copyright was registered in the U.S. This is the combined effect of the retroactive 1993 law, Ukraine's joining the Berne Convention in 1996, and of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.

不受保护

Under Law No. 3792-XII of December 23, 1993 (as amended up to April 26, 2017), protection does not extend to:^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.10]}

• Daily news or current events that constitute regular press information
• Works of folk art (folklore);
• Official documents issued by government authorities of a political, legislative or administrative nature (laws, decrees, regulations, court decisions and state standards, etc.) and their official translations;

• State symbols of Ukraine, government awards; symbols and signs of government, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations; symbols of territorial communities; symbols and signs of enterprises, institutions and organizations;
• Banknotes;
• Timetables of vehicles, broadcasts, schedules, telephone directories and other similar databases that do not meet the originality criteria.

版权标签

• {{PD-Ukraine}} is in effect towards works first published before January 1, 1951, and the creator (if known) died before that date). This is the effect of the retroactive Ukrainian copyright law of 1993 and the copyright from 50 to 70 years in 2001.). The final conclusion is #.4 in Chapter VI Ukrainian Copyright Law:

#.4. It shall be established that as from the day on which this Law enters into force, the terms of copyright protection, stipulated in Article 28 of this Law and parts 1 and 2 of Article 44 of this Law, shall apply in all cases where the 50-year period of copyright validity after the author's death or the period of validity of related rights has not expired prior to the date of entry into force of this Law.

A Ukrainian or Soviet work that is in the public domain in Ukraine according to this rule is in the public domain in the U.S. only if it was in the public domain in Ukraine in 1995, e.g. if it was published before 1945 and the creator died before that year, and no copyright was registered in the U.S. This is the combined effect of the retroactive Ukrainian copyright law, Ukraine's joining the Berne Convention in 1995, and of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.

• {{PD-UA-exempt}} for daily news or details of current events that constitute regular press information; works of folk art (folklore); official documents of a political, legislative or administrative nature (laws, decrees, resolutions, court awards, State standards, etc.) issued by government authorities within their powers, and official translations thereof; State symbols of Ukraine, government awards; symbols and signs of government authorities, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations; symbols of territorial communities; symbols and signs of enterprises, institutions and organizations; bank notes; transport schedules, TV and radio broadcast schedules, telephone directories and other similar databases that do not meet the originality criteria and to which the sui generis right (a particular or special right) is applicable. Also for representation of an civil award or decoration of the government of Ukraine.

• {{PD-UAGovDoc}} for official documents of a political, legislative or administrative nature (laws, decrees, resolutions, court awards, State standards, etc.) issued by government authorities within their powers, and official translations thereof.
• {{PD-UAGov-Money}} for unit of currencies issued by Ukraine.

• {{PD-UAexMilitary}} for works of a Ukrainian military or Ministry of Defense if it is symbol or sign of government authorities, the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations.

货币

可以 Ukrainian currency is not copyrighted. Monetary items, together with other state symbols, are explicitly excluded from copyright by article 10 of Copyright law of Ukraine.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.10(e)]}

Please use {{PD-UAGov-Money}} for Ukrainian currency images.

全景自由

 不可以：{{NoFoP-Ukraine}}

A freedom of panorama exception was added in the Law of Ukraine No. 2811-IX of December 1, 2022, on Copyright and Related Rights, under Article 22(10). It is now permissible "creation of images of works of architecture and fine arts permanently located in places accessible to the public on the street, provided that such actions do not have independent economic value."

The condition "provided that such actions do not have independent economic value" seems to imply that images of such works in public spaces should not be made for the purpose of making profit. Regardless of the clarity of the condition, it still does not fit the licensing requirements of Wikimedia Commons, which only allows content that is licensed for any uses, including commercial uses. Non-commercial content is not allowed. See also Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2023/05#NEW copyright law of Ukraine.

Before 2023, Law of Ukraine No. 3792-XII of December 23, 1993, on Copyright and Related Rights (with latest version from 2017) did not contain a freedom of panorama exception. It is claimed, though, that article 21(4) of the old law implied some kind of "freedom of panorama" (claim was repeated here):

• ...it shall be permitted without the consent of the author (or other copyright holder) and with mandatory indication of the author's name and of the source of borrowing: ... to reproduce, in order to highlight current events by means of photography or cinematography, to carry out public notification or other public communication of the works seen or heard in the course of such events to the extent justified by the informational purpose.^{[3792-XII/199-2017 Art.21(4)]}

This, however, is limited to "informational purposes" and to "current events". It is not general freedom of panorama but a "fair use"-like provision for news reporting.

Indeed, four separate court rulings during 2007–09 affirmed the lack of commercial freedom of panorama in Ukraine, all involving exploitations of Vasyl' Borodai's (1917–2010) 1982 sculpture Monument to the Founders of Kyiv by four different entities during late 1990s and early 2000s. According to Shtefan (2019), "all these cases went to trial and in each case the courts came to the conclusion that the author's rights were not respected." (article, page 23)

Note: Copyright protection expires 70 years after the death of the original author (who is defined as the creator or designer) here. On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 71st year), freely licensed images of the author's 3D works such as sculptures, buildings, bridges or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here in Ukraine since the author's works are now in the public domain.

However, there's also a consensus that utilitarian buildings such as the New Safe Confinement (cf. a 2021 deletion request) are not considered copyrightable.

邮票

使用{{PD-UA-exempt}}。

According to the Article 10 of the Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related rights, all Ukrainian stamps are in the public domain. They are defined as "state signs" in the Law of Ukraine On Postal Service (4 October 2001) :

• Postage stamp means a state sign manufactured according to the procedure set forth by legislation, with specified face value and state, serving as the tool of payment for postal services provided by the national operator.

參見

• Україна
• Category:License tags of Ukraine
• Category:Stamps of Ukraine
• Category:Ukrainian FOP cases
• 共享资源:各地著作权法规/苏联

引用

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