File:Клевер подземный - Trifolium subterraneum - Subterranean clover, often shortened to Subclover (Burrowing Clover) - Bodenfrüchtige Klee (26470357941).jpg
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editDescriptionКлевер подземный - Trifolium subterraneum - Subterranean clover, often shortened to Subclover (Burrowing Clover) - Bodenfrüchtige Klee (26470357941).jpg |
The plant's name comes from its underground seed development (geocarpy), a characteristic not possessed by other clovers. This species is self-fertilizing, unlike most legume forage crops such as alfalfa and other clovers, which are pollinated by insects, especially honeybees. The flowers of subclover are often located beneath its leaves and are low in nectar, making access both difficult and unappealing for bees. It can thrive in poor-quality soil where other clovers cannot survive, and is grown commercially for animal fodder. While subterranean clover had been known for a very long time in Central and Southern Europe, it was looked upon as a roadside weed. Its value as a fodder crop was discovered, proved and first promoted by Amos William Howard of South Australia. He found subterranean clover at the Mount Barker Springs at 40 km from Adelaide and proved it to be a valuable fodder plant in some soil types in temperate climates. Subterranean clover revolutionised farming practice, converting many struggling farms into successful livestock holdings. The discovery spread across Australia and to many other countries, due largely to Howard's generosity in publishing articles about the clover, supplying seed free of charge around the world, and advising on handling. By the time of his death on 2 March 1930, thousands of hectares in South Australia were carrying subterranean clover. It was also growing in all Australian States, and requests for seed and information were being received in great numbers from almost all countries in the world which had a temperate climate. By 1961 some 8.1 million hectares of Southern Australia had been sown with subterranean clover. Two of the several cultivars of subterranean clover are named "Howard" and "Mt Barker". Название растения происходит от его свойства вырабатывать семена под землей, свойства, которым не обладают другие виды клевера - геокарпия (geocarpy, от греч. geo Земля и karpos плод) - развитие и созревание плодов в земле в результате зарывания завязей в почву. Подземный клевер - самооплодотворяющийся, в отличие от большинства бобовых кормовых культур, таких как люцерна и другие виды клевера, опыляющихся насекомыми, особенно пчелами. Цветы его часто находятся под его листьями и содержат мало нектара, что делает доступ трудным и непривлекательным для пчел. Он может успешно разрастаться в некачественной почве, где другие клеверы не могут выжить, и его выращивают на коммерческой основе как корм для животных. В Центральной и Южной Европе подземный клевер был известен в течение очень долгого времени и считался придорожным сорняком. Его ценность в качестве кормовой культуры обнаружил и впервые внедрил Амос Уильям Говард из Южной Австралии. Говард обнаружил его в районе Маунт Баркер в 40 км от Аделаиды и доказал, что подземный клевер является ценным кормовым растением в некоторых типах почв в условиях умеренного климата. Подземный клевер совершил революцию в фермерской практике, превращая многие борющиеся фермы в успешные животноводческие хозяйства. Открытие распространилось по всей Австралии и во многих других странах в значительной степени благодаря щедрости Говарда, который публиковал статьи о клевере и поставлял семена бесплатно по всему миру, а также консультировал по вопросам обращения с ним. К моменту его смерти 2 марта 1930 года, тысячи гектаров в Южной Австралии были засажены подземным клевером. Он распространился во всех австралийских штатах, запросы семян и информации были получены в большом количестве из почти всех стран мира, которые имели умеренный климат. К 1961 году около 8,1 млн га Южной Австралии были засеяны подземным клевером. Двум из нескольких сортов подземного клевера даны названия "Говард" и "Маунт Баркер". |
Date | |
Source | Клевер подземный / Trifolium subterraneum / Subterranean clover, often shortened to Subclover (Burrowing Clover) / Bodenfrüchtige Klee |
Author | Katya from Moscow, Russia |
Camera location | 42° 18′ 04.48″ N, 27° 43′ 57.02″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 42.301245; 27.732506 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by katunchik at https://flickr.com/photos/12090392@N02/26470357941. It was reviewed on 18 March 2017 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
18 March 2017
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current | 21:33, 18 March 2017 | 2,712 × 1,756 (4.81 MB) | Спасимир (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | SAMSUNG |
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Camera model | EX1 |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/4.4 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:48, 30 March 2016 |
Lens focal length | 5.2 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 09:13, 20 April 2016 |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.965784 |
APEX aperture | 4.275007 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Exposure mode | Auto bracket |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 24 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Serial number of camera | DY049P000000 |
Lens used | Schneider KREUZNACH 3x ZOOM 5.2-15.6mm 1:1.8-2.4 DUAL IS |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 12:13, 20 April 2016 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:48, 30 March 2016 |
Unique ID of original document | E4ED8EE4884BB100049BB3B4618FE425 |
IIM version | 44,962 |