File:Красотел пахучий - Calosoma sycophanta - Forest caterpillar hunter (Fiery Searcher) - Гъсеничар - Großer Puppenräuber (27088378445).jpg
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DescriptionКрасотел пахучий - Calosoma sycophanta - Forest caterpillar hunter (Fiery Searcher) - Гъсеничар - Großer Puppenräuber (27088378445).jpg |
The name Calosoma is from greek: καλώς (kalos) - beautiful, σώμα (soma)- body. Distribution - Europe, West Asia, Caucasus, Siberia, North Africa, North America (introduced). At the daytime forest caterpillar hunter hide under stones and logs or in other secluded places, and when disturbed, they emit a protective brown liquid with an unpleasant odor. This ground beetle is a voracious consumer of caterpillars during both its larval stage and as an adult, and, unlike other ground beetles, easy climb on the trees and fly well. Adults grab the caterpillars by the middle of the back and easy kill them in a few seconds, regardless of size. During the season, one beetle can destroy, according to various data, 200-300-400 gypsy moth caterpillars. Larvae of forest caterpillar hunter do not often climb trees, and tend to prey on the larvae and pupae that remain on the ground, but it also consume during the season about 60 larvae and 15-20 pupae. The oldest descriptions of Calosoma appeared in 1736, made by versatile French scientist Reaumur in Paris; in those days the beetles were known under the general name of "scarabs." Reaumur commonly associated with the invention of the thermometer and alcohol and did not stick temperature scale, but it is first and foremost entomologist: at the end of life, leaving the mathematics and physics, for 8 years (1734-1742), he produced a series of memoirs, six-volume work devoted almost entirely to insects, under the title «Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes ". Recognized for its high accuracy, the treaty is shown 267 large folding plates finely engraved on copper illustrate caterpillars, butterflies, flies, grasshoppers, bees and wasps in their midst natural. The idea of the pest using the beetle apparently goes back to the Réaumur. Reaumur said that the nature, give to many insects excessive fertility, and at the same time took care of that they do not multiply; for this purpose it has created other animals destroy them. Forest caterpillar hunter was used for the biological control of insect pests of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and yellowtail (Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Nygmia phaeorrhoea) in the United States. In the years 1905-1910 4046 adult beetles Calosoma sycophanta were taken to the New England states from Europe. The results obtained in New England were so promising that between 1913 and 1918 1000 adults were introduced into California. The above further increased animals have spread rapidly in North America. Included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, the Red Book of Russia (II category - decreasing population), Red Book of Ukraine. Included in the European Red List. Распространение - Европа, Западная Азия, Кавказ, Сибирь, Северная Африка, Северная Америка (интродуцирован). В течение дня красотелы пахучие находятся под камнями и бревнами или в других укромных местах, и, когда их потревожат, испускают защитную жидкость коричневого цвета с неприятным запахом. Красотелы пахучие, как в стадии личинки, так и в стадии взрослого жука, являются ненасытными потребителями гусениц и, в отличие от других жужелиц, легко лазают по деревьям и хорошо летают. Взрослые красотелы хватают гусениц за середину спины и легко убивают их в течение нескольких секунд, независимо от размера. В течение сезона один жук может уничтожить, по разным данным, 200-300-400 гусениц непарного шелкопряда. Личинки красотела не часто лазят по деревьям, и, как правило, охотятся на гусениц и куколок, которые остаются на земле, но и они уничтожают за сезон около 60 гусениц и 15-20 куколок. Описание Calosoma, сделанное французским ученым-универсалом Реомюром в Париже, появилось в 1736 году; в то время жуки были известны под общим названием "скарабеи". Реомюр обычно ассоциируется с изобретением спиртового термометра и так и не прижившейся температурной шкалой, но он прежде всего энтомолог: в конце жизни, оставив математику и физику, в течение 8 лет (1734-1742) он выпустил серию мемуаров, шеститомный труд, посвященный почти сплошь насекомым, под общим заглавием «Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes”. В них приведены высокоточные рисунки, мелко выгравированные на 267 больших медных складных пластинах, иллюстрирующие гусениц, бабочек, мух, кузнечиков, пчел и шершней в их естественной среде. Идея борьбы с вредителями с помощью жука, по-видимому, восходит к Реомюру. Реомюр говорил, что природа, наделив многих насекомых чрезмерной плодовитостью, позаботилась одновременно и о том, чтобы они не очень размножались; для этого она создала других животных, истребляющих их. Красотел пахучий был использован для биологической борьбы с насекомыми-вредителями непарного шелкопряда (Lymantria dispar) и златогузки (Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Nygmia phaeorrhoea) в Соединенных Штатах. В 1905-1910 гг 4046 взрослых жужелиц Calosoma sycophanta были доставлены в штаты Новой Англии. Результаты были настолько многообещающими, что в 1913-1918 гг ещё 1000 взрослых особей были ввезены в Калифорнию и быстро распространились в Северной Америке. Занесен в Красную Книгу СССР, Красную Книгу России (II категория — вид с сокращающейся численностью), Красную книгу Украины. Внесён в Европейский Красный список. |
Date | |
Source | Красотел пахучий / Calosoma sycophanta / Forest caterpillar hunter (Fiery Searcher) / Гъсеничар / Großer Puppenräuber |
Author | Katya from Moscow, Russia |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by katunchik at https://flickr.com/photos/12090392@N02/27088378445. It was reviewed on 18 March 2017 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
18 March 2017
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Date and time of data generation | 09:33, 16 May 2016 |
Lens focal length | 300 mm |
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Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
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File change date and time | 15:02, 16 May 2016 |
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Date and time of digitizing | 09:33, 16 May 2016 |
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APEX aperture | 5.072106 |
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Color space | sRGB |
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Date metadata was last modified | 18:02, 16 May 2016 |
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