25X1C10b Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8 Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8 KGB The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents. By John Barron. Illustrated. 462 pp. New York: Readers Digest Press. $10.95. CPYRGHT seems as terrible as under Stalin, that is largely because it has so grown into Soviet j society that it can afford to dispense with "the wasteful mass murder of former times." Its new sophistication is a sign of new strength. How the K.G.B. functions, Clp)ffk4GWEV0R-R0PER Hugh Trevor-Roper, the Brit- ish historian, has written ex- What is the asic s reng of Soviet Communism, the pow- how it uses its unchallenged, er which animates and sustains arbitrary power, is the subject that huge fabric? It -is not what of Mr. Barron's book. He has we once thought it to be. The produced a remarkable work of original appeal of Communism synthesis. In spite of a some- was material, moral and ideo- what diffuse and journalistic logical. It claimed to improve style and a love of dramatic the welfare of the workers, reconstruction (always suspect to restore their self-respect, and to do so in tune with his- torical necessity. In fact, 50 years after the Revolution, real wages had hardly regained the level of 1913; rural serfdom, abolished by the Czars, has been reimposed; and the ideolo- gy convinces no one. What the Bolsheviks have created is a new system of power: power that has no basis in society, no reference to consent, no moral justification. We used to think that Lenin gave to Marxism a temporary political form; now we recognize that he used Marxism as the temporary ideo- logical justification of a new structure of naked political power. The essential motor of that structure is now the Secret Police. Lenin's Cheka, Brezh- nev's K.G.B., is the effective sovereign in the Russian state. It is stronger than the party, it controls the organs of state. It is above the law. Account- able to no one, it can destroy anyone. Even Stalin only ruled by dividing it and murdering its successive heads, Yagoda and Yezhov. His successors similar- to the professional scholar) the book. inspires confidence. It is based on evidence supplied by several non-Communist security services and "all post-war K.G.B. defectors except two." It is authenticated by Mr. Robert Conquest, one of the greatest authorities on Russian affairs. I have no doubt that it is as accurate a general study of the K.G.B.'s secret activities as we are likely to get. It is also the work of a highly in- telligent man who can analyze and explain as well as gather and narrate. Many of Mr. Barron's chap- ters describe individual espion- age operations ? carried out by the K.G.B. abroad, as related by its defectors. We can read of the subversive activities of Vladimir Sakharov in the Mid- dle East, the penetration of the secrets of N.A.T.O. by means of the American traitor Robert Lee Johnson, the'+ quest of Ameri- can secrets through the Finn- ish-American Kaarlo Tuomi, the successful extension of di- rect Soviet power over Cas- tro's Cuba, the unsuccessful ef- forts to, subvert governments in power politics, and as such has a certain conventional legiti- macy. No doubt similar stories could be told of the C.I.A. What makes the K.G.B. so sinister is not the huge resourc- es which it invests in these foreign adventures. Rather, it is its even greater investment in repression at home. Foreign- ers observe, and resent, the K.G.B.'s palpable interference in their affairs, the grotesque ve i sies and delegations abroad. But, as Mr. Conquest points out in his Introduction, "the major part of the K.G.B,'s ef- fort, the greater number of its employes, are used in the mas- sive and continuous work against its own populations." Moreover, it is there, naturally enough, that it-is most success- ful. Abroad, its failures have been more conspicuous than its successes. It has failed in Mexi- co, in Egypt, throughout Black Africa. Its agents desert in a continuous stream, and are ex- pelled in periodic shoals. But at home it is irresistible. With 70,000 full-time censors it stamps on literature. Even bus tickets must be passed by the censor. With an army of in- formers, it inhibits conversa- tion. By means of internal pass- ports it controls movement. It has turned the Russian Ortho- dox Church hierarchy into its agents to pervert religion. With concentration camps and "psy- chiatric institutes" it stifles thought. No government in his- tory has used so monstrous an engine of repression against its own people: and no people in the world has tolerated such a tyranny.. How is it done? By what mechanism does "a tiny oligarchy," whose leadership is at the mercy of internal gang warfare, so cow a whole people? This is the most im- portant political question raised by the existence of the K.G.B. Mr. Barron is well aware of it, is not a productive social class -bourgeoisie, workers, peas- ants--But a New Class" of bureaucrats and party workers which, having once installed it- -self in power, exercises abso- lute control over rewards and punishments. In no country does such a class rise naturally: in Russia it' was created by revolution, in Eastern Europe it was imposed by conquest. But once in power, by bureau- cratic centralism, the abolition of legal guarantees, and un- qualified "reason of state," it can perpetuate Itself against all comers. With time, and in a rigorously controlled society, the rewards and punishments themselves can be reduced: bribery becomes trivial, black- mail is expressed in mere hints. But whether the syst;m is op- erated crudely, as under Stalin, or more, subtly, as -now, the background of terror is essen- tial. Without terror, the system could not be installed; without the long shadow of terror, it could not be continued. For this reason, our hope must be that progressive sophistication will wear out the practice of terror and destroy the cohesion of the New Class. The heroes of this book are the defectors who have begun that process: the men who, in the end, could not endure "the daily squalor" of a system by which they have profited but which has ultimately repelled them be- cause it has no moral base.R ly murdered Beria. Khrushchev Mexico and Africa, the arrest tried, but failed, to escape from in Russia of Professor dependence on it. He abolished Barghoorn, the attempts to its Special Bureau for Assas- compromise, and so afterward sination, but had to revive it to use, a British member of three months later, and ended Parliament and a French am- bv setting up a public statue of bassador. These are readable zhinsky. Now the K.G.B. is added to them. However, it is Mr. Barron agrees with the stronger than ever, and three not these that make the K.G.B. Yugoslav philosopher Milovan of its members sit openly 'in unique. All great powers go in Djilas that the essential basis of the Politburo. If it no longer for espionage. it is part of power in Communist countries Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8 and touches on it, if too lightly, It deserves to be brought out and emphasized: for it is the central mystery of totalitarian Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8 The KGB Realities Behind KGB: The Secret Work John Secret en ' ~ rabies Soviet Agents. By JhBar- ron. Reader's Digest Press, 1974. $10.95. 'OF mast W. Lefever reaches out for American wheat and trade concessions. With the other it exiles Alexander Solzhe- nitsyn for telling the truth about Soviet repression. In one ges- ture it sends its artists and per- formers to the United States. In another it threatens to strip Val- ery Panov, former star of Lenin- grad's Kirov Ballet, of his citi- zenship because he wanted to migrate to Israel. IT MAY STILL be fashionable in some circles to overlook or downplay unpleasant realities that do not fit the illusion of de- tente. But after a great Soviet writer has been declared a non- person and with almost daily reports of repression against oth- er Soviet nonconformists, it is increasingly difficult to turn a blind eye to the moral and political schizophrenia of the Soviet re- gime. Or perhaps it is not the Soviets who are afflicted with a split-lev- el ethics, but we who are con- fused by split-level perception. Many of us want to believe that the era depicted in Solzhenitsyn's "The Gulag Archipelago" is in the distant past and that the post- Stalin leaders have moved to- ward a new and less repressive political order. We want to think of the Soviet Union as an ordinary state operating by ordinary rules. When the rules are dramatically broken we are shocked and disap- pointed. What kind of a political system does Moscow have today? Is it significantly different from that of the Stalin era? Important light is thrown on this question by John Barron's impressive book on the KGB - the massive clan- destine agency created by Lenin to be the "sword and shield" of the Communist party, the instru- ment of the Politburo to enforce its will and confound its oppo- nents. The KGB is the current manifestation of the state securi- ty apparatus originally estab- lished in 1917 as Cheka. Today, says Barron, "the KGB has the same relationship to the Politbu- ro under Brezhnev that the h bad 1 r Council of C eka with the ounc o SOLZHENITSYN, Panov, and THE KGB CONTROLS job and force of the KGB and its prede- camp system portrayed in -rn e Gulag Archipelago" and the present system of exile are their handiwork. At least 20 million Soviet citizens have died in the ruthless pogroms of the secret police. But silencing or neutraliz- ing troublemakers is only a small part of the KGB's far-flung as- signments. As an instrument of totalitarian control, the KGB has no peer, past or present. If the Soviet Communist Party is a state with- in a state, the KGB is in fact the "sword and shield" of the party. It penetrates every nook and cranny of Soviet life to control the words, actions, tastes, loyal- ties, and even thoughts of Soviet citizens. As the obedient agent of the housing permits, internal and ..a,......,1 ?...,,,-1 .,A .11 Fnw~r.a of police activity. Former KGB chairman Shelepin runs the Sovi- ef Made W11011 ULgZtL=LiU11. "IC KGB monitors industry and the economy to detect and bring to justice perpertrators of crimes such as "incorrect planning," unauthorized private enterprise, and blackmarketeering. It keeps watch on education from kindergarten through the universities and on all academic and research institutes. In 1970 the KGB launched a large new division, the Fifth Chief Directo- rate, "to annihilate intellectual dissent, stop the upsurge in reli- gious faith, suppress nationalism among ethnic minorities, and si- lence the Chronicle of Currency Events, an underground journal. The following year it estab- lished a special Jewish Depart- ment to intensify infiltration into Jewish circles to curtail emigra- tion of educated Jews and to si- lence protest. The KGB oversees 70,000 full-time censors who con- trol the printed word. It works through the criminal justice sys- tem and operates special KGB "mental hospitals" where promi- nent citizens who do not conform to "official doctrine" are taken for forcible treatment, including the use of brain-washing drugs. All foreigners in the U.S.S.R., including tourists, are placed under the surveillance of the KGB. In 1963, an American visi- tor, Prof. Frederick C. Bar- ghoorn, who was on open aca- demic business in Moscow, was drugged, falsely accused of espi- onage, arrested, and held hos- tage by the KGB for the release of a real Soviet spy, KGB agent Igor Ivanov, who was caught red handed by the FBI in New York. Prof. Barghoorn was released only after the public intervention of President Kennedy. The long tentacles of the KGB reach out in support of Soviet objectives around the world. The clandestine service penetrates and uses the Foreign Ministry and all other official Soviet agen- cies overseas. KGB agents ac- company all Soviet scientific and cultural groups abroad. As a rule, the KGB's harshest and - ge n ormer rom e c in Kiev to the U.S. ambassador's most brutal coercion is directed People's c:'oin'A0 POuNd '0`68%r- Re NO@,499/G0-2 at(MeRDP7 t u ~~ - l~t~ s~ in. and abroad that may run into the millions. party, the KGB operates a Bor- der Guard, an elite military force of 300,000 equipped with tanks, artillery, and armed ships. In 1965 KGB patrols captured more than 2,000 Soviet citizens at- tempting to escape. The KGB oversees the entire military es- tablishment and has agents and informers assigned to the Minis- try of Defense and in every mili- tary headquarters and unit down to the company level. "The slightest evidence of ideological deviation among the military can provoke swift KGB retribution." It was only in the late 1960s when "the military finally persuaded the leadership that it would be impractical to use atomic weap- ons in a future internal struggle" that the KGB relinguished custo- dy of nuclear warheads. Through its complex of directo- rates, the KGB penetrates the entire state bureaucracy, start- ing with the Politburo. "The KGB today probably has more officers and alumni in positions of power than at any other time in Soviet history." Of the 17 Politburo members in 1973, three have spent "signifi- cant portions of their careers in the apparatus." While the full- time staff of the KGB may be as small as 100,000, its influence is vastly expanded by a network of s oncier i f f th -8 CPYRGHT Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8 KGB The Secret Worle of Soviet Secret Agents. By John Barron. Illustrated. 462 pp. New York: Readers Digest Press. $10.95. REVOR-ROPER Whe* is ti e of Soviet Communism, theme pew-- er which animates and sustains that huge fabric? it is not what we once thought it to be. The original appeal of Communise was material, moral and ideo- logical. It claimed to improve the welfare of the workers, to restore their self-respect, and to do so in tune with his- torical necessity. In fact, 50 ears after the Revolution, real ages had hardly regained the evel of 1913; rural serfdom, bolished by the Czars, has een reimposed; and the ideolo- y convinces no one. What the olsheviks have created is a ew system of power: power hat has no basis in society, no eference to consent, no moral ustification. We used to think hat Lenin gave to Marxism a emporary political form; now e recognize that he used arxism as the temporary ideo- ogical justification of a new tructure of naked political ower. The essential motor of that tructure is now the Secret lice. Lenin's Cheka, Brezh- ev's K.G.B., is the effective overeign in the Russian state. is stronger than the party, controls the organs of state. is above the law. Account- ble to no one, it can destroy nyone. Even Stalin only ruled y dividing it and murdering its successive heads, Yagoda and ezhov. His successors similar- I murdered Beria. Khrushchev t led, but failed, to escape from pendence on it. He abolished i s Special Bureau for Assas- s nation, but had to revive it t ree months later, and ended setting up a public statue of i s founder, the terrible Dzer- z insky. Now the K.G.B. is s ronger than ever, and three o its members sit openly in t e Politburo. If it no longer CPYRGHT ems as terrible as under talin, that is largely because i has so grown into Soviet I s ciety that it can afford to spense with "the wasteful ass murder of former times." I s new sophiislioation is a sign new strength. How the K.G.B. functions, power politics, and as such has a certain conventional legiti- macy. _ No doubt similar stories could be told of the C.I.A. What makes the K.G.B. so sinister is not the huge resourc- es which it invests in these foreign adventures. Rather, it is its even greater investment in repression at hoarse. Foreign- Hugh Trevor-Roper, the Brit- ers observe, and resent, the K.G.B.s palpable interference i h historian, has written ex- in their y European a airs. over-staffing of Russian embas- h w it uses its unchallenged, sies and delegations abroad. a itrary power, is the subject But, as Mr. Conquest points of < produced a remarkable work of major part of the K.G.B.'s ef- synthesis. In spite of a some- fort, the greater number of its what diffuse and journalistic employes, are used in the mas- style and a love of dramatic live and continuous work reconstruction (always suspect against its own populations." to the professional scholar) the Moreover, it is there, naturally book. inspires confidence. It is enough, that it-is most success- based on evidence supplied by ful. Abroad, its failures have several non-Communist security been more conspicuous than its services and "all post-war successes. It has failed in Mexi- K.G.B. defectors except two." co, in Egypt, throughout Black It is authenticated by Mr. Africa. Its agents desert in a Robert Conquest, one of the continuous stream, and are ex- greatest authorities on Russian pelled in periodic shoals. But affairs. I have no doubt that it at home it is irresistible. With is as accurate a general study 70,000 full-time censors it of the K.G.B.'s secret activities stamps on literature. Even bus as we are likely to get. It is tickets must be passed by the also the work of a highly in- censor. With an army of in- telligent man who can analyze formers, it inhibits conversa- and explain as well as gather tion. By means of internal pass- and narrate. ports it controls movement. It Many of Mr. Barron's chap- has turned the Russian Ortho- ters describe individual espion- dox Church hierarchy into its age operations -carried out by agents to pervert religion. With the K.G.B. abroad, as related concentration camps and "psy- by its defectors. We can read chiatric institutes" it stifles of the subversive activities of thought. No government in his- Vladimir Sakharov in the Mid- tory has used so monstrous an dle East, the penetration of the engine of repression against its secrets of N.A.T.O. by means of own people: and no people in the American traitor Robert Lee the world has tolerated such a Johnson, the quest of Ameri- tyranny.. can secrets through the Finn- How is it done? By what ish-American Kaarlo Tuomi, mechanism does "a tiny h f i f d t e success ul extens on o i- rect Soviet power over Cas- tro's Cuba, the unsuccessful ef- forts to subvert governments in Mexico and Africa, the arrest in - Russia of Professor Barghoorn, the attempts to compromise, and so afterward to use, a British member of Parliament and a French am- bassador. These are readable spy stories, and others could be added to them. However, it is not these that make the K.G.B. unique. All great powers go in for espionage. It is part of oligarchy," whose leadership is at the mercy of internal gang warfare, so cow a whole people? This is the most im- by the existence of the K.G.B. Mr. Barron is well aware of it, and touches on it, if too lightly, It deserves to be brought out and emphasized: for it is the central mystery of totalitarian power. Mr. Barron agrees with the Yugoslav Philosopher Milovan Djilas that the essential basis of power in Communist countries is not a productive social class -bourgeoisie, workers, peas- ants--But a "New Class" of bureaucrats and party workers which, having once installed it- self in power, a ercises abso- lute control ove rewards and punishments. In no country does such a class rise naturally: in Russia it' was created by revolution, in Eastern Europe it was -imposed by conquest. cratic centralism, the abolition of legal guarantees, and un- qualified "reason, of state," it against-an comers. With time, and in a rigorously controlled society, the rewards and punishments themselves can be reduced: bribery becomes trivial, black- mail is expressed in mere hints. But whether the yst 2m is op- erated crudely, as under Stalin, or more subtly, as now, the background of to ror is essen- tial. Without terro , the system could not be insl Iled; without the long shadow of terror, it could not be coi this reason, our h that progressive will wear out the terror and destroy of the New Class. of this book are who have begun the men who, in t not endure "the d of a system by have profited but ultimately repelled tinued. For pe must be ophistication practice of the cohesion The heroes hat process: e end, could ily squalor" which they which has them be- pprove or a ease Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8 CPYRGHT An Absorbing Report on Russias KGB Y py1f9O 119oscow cor- spent time in and on Russia fancies he knows quite a bit personally about the KGB, which is, in its foreign as- pect, the Soviet CIA; at tome it's the political po- lice. I recall: the wires ;n ur Moscow apartment wall hat the flustered workmen ailed to plaster over h*'fore e came in; the colleague lipped a drug and then un- ressed and photographed, in. ompany; the "disinforma- ion" letter written about e to my editor by the 'diplomat" who's now the oviet"consul in San Fran- isco; the luncheon invit.a- ion from a "journalist" ere asking how Premier asygin might be received n American TV, on which osygin later did appear. But this sort of thing, asty or normal as it might e, is trivia along side John arron's calm-voiced, de- lled, absorbing and-I'm repared to believe--au- entic report on selected reign operations mounted y the KGB in the '50s and Os and on up to the pres- t day. From former Soviet agents who defected and f om American and foreign i telligence sources, Barron, Reader's Digest. senior edi- t r, has produced an ac- c unt which goes well he- y nd being a catalog of 1 GB dirty tricks and he- comes a sobering challcn0e t what the Soviet Union p ofesses to mean by " etente." This is what, at t is time of second-thoughts about Soviet-American rela- y ns, gives "KGB" unusal t picality. One can understand, for i stance, why the KGP, t inking in the mid-'50s) entrap him even without his knowing that he had been caught by the KGf, and to . But at this point, a KGB man defected in Paris ?,wa:t-~erissrt~ by De Gaulle In one sentence: Eh Bien, J>ejertn, on couche. Similarly, one can under- stand why the KGB would have gone to equally strenu. nus len?ths to recruit a flabby dis *runl.)c`d Army NCO and, when he became a guard at the super-secret Orly Airport courier center In 1962 to arrange for him to spit?it out documents for months. His wife later flip- ped out and raved to the FBI. On July 30, 1965. Bob. ert Lee Johnson and a con- federath were each sett. tenced to 25 years' imprison- menf in Federal Court, .A1- exandria. Trip: son, visitinrt him at Lcwishurr_* in 197`, murdered him with a knife And--one more--there was a cer?tari 1 logic to the K(313's plnntin~;  ; 116111can borri Kaarir) '!'nomi, whose family hod reiurned to Fivs- sia when he was 16, back in the United Slates in 1958 as a secret agent.. (A mentor , riding up the elevator one day in the building housing the apartment in which Tuomi was learning to act like an American, found himself standing next to Eleanor Roosevelt, who was being shown a "typical" So. viet flat!) Arriving in New York, Tuorni had harely sent. his first coded postcard to the Soviet United Nations mission when, somehow, the FBI picked him up. After a while he went to work for the FBI, giving up his fam- ily back in Russia. Subversion, however, is something else: The KGB, according to a favored son of. the New Class who got fed up and carne over to the CIA, had honeycombed Egypt with agents, one being a classic nium at the Kremlin," Bar- ron says. In March- 1971, Mexican officials unenvered an aston? ishing through the Soviet Embassy. trot really address. Nor does he ask what real difference KGB operations make in a giver[ context, apart from preoceunvin- th- .,.w ...- in 1914 the KGB sent here (through the Czech pouch) thousands of copies of a pamphlet depicting Barry Goldwater as a racist. S11ppos0 Henry Kissinger said, quietly, to the Soviet ambassador, "Anatoly, enough. It would be a legit- imate test of Soviet inten- tions and a fascinating exer- cise in Soviet\tnvrican dv- namics. Naturally, the reci- procity principle would have to be appiied. "another Vietnam." Through an offer of -a scholarship to KGB-run Patrice Lumumba University in Moscow, an angry Mexican had been re- cruited who became the chief agent. At KGB bid- ding, he led a group of tin- witting Mexicryans through Russia to North Korea for guerrilla training-to dis- guise the Russian hand, A '1tr'xico City bank was rob- bed, elaborate subversion and propaganda plans pre- pared. But the police found out. Five Soviet diplomats were expelled. In September, 1971 (a had year for the KGB, evidently), a sorely pro- voked British government expelled at one stroke no less than 105 intelligence of- ficers from tile incredibi overmanned Soviet mission The simultaneous defection to the British of a KGB offi- cer in the sabotage and as sassination branch induced the Soviet Politburo to re- call nther "Department V. men around the world. The KGB seems to have, along with its core of brutal- ity, a compulsion to distrust as thick as the walls of its Moscow headquarters on Dzerzhinsky Square; its new building for foreign opera- tions, by the way, sits hid- den off the Moscow h0ltway, like the CIA, and is of a oc- sign uncannily like CIA's. To the KGB, good relations with a particular country, or detente, is not a signal to re- lax but an op,)ortunity to ox. ploit foreigners' relaxation and to use the expanded channels of trade, culture and the like to burrow deeper. Whether this tendency flows from a political deci- sion by the whole Kremlin , t at. Ambassador Maurice' case of "a little man" or whether the KGB has the I 'jean rlu !it use his frieni (recruited early) who be- power to demand a longer slip with D Gaulle to influ- came "a big man," presiden- leash for foreign operations t,, r e hire ciu;uld h ~,r, tial adviser Sami Sharaf. as its price for e KG zi B agents i 1ll 197 n ay 1, crushing t" et f)riea i t. , r . e, 5ien ?vec~~fd ief~aserol,99+9/09/m4"sqi Jr 04194A000100700001-8 r-at,ng ' ahcnhdP na-rt~,,, CPYRGHT Approved For Release 1999/09/02 : CIA-RDP79-01194A000100700001-8 Barron, have a kind of respect for Americans and Northern Europeans, a respect not accord- ed Asians, Arabs, Latins, or Southern Europeans, though this did not prevent the abuse of Prof. Barghoorn or shooting with nitro- gen mustard gas a German tech- nician in Moscow who had just cleared his embassy of KGB mi- crophones. WHILE THERE ARE superfi- cial resemblances between the operations of the KGB abroad and those of the clandestine serv- ices of Western governments, there is one profound difference. The KGB is in the service of a totalitarian regime ideologically committed to the neutralization or destruction of non-communist governments. Soviet objectives are different from Western objec- tives, and the KGB often oper- ates by different means. In dra- matic detail, Barron relates sev- eral KGB operations, some suc- cesses and some failures. "Officers of the KGB and its military subsidiary, the GRU (Chief Intelligence Directorate of the Soviet General Staff), ordi- narily occupy a majority of em- bassy posts," as much as 80 per- cent in some Third World coun- s FBI h th I e inngwu, e t ies. n rras - assistance to these groups is lac- timates that over 50 percent of quently assigned to the Glandes- sent, the book makes a singular (or immoral) fo trib ti to d stan di Ch Soviet sYstem h con on n er n e s not changed. tention and po- are still there on means that 1 is becoming tin, all to the , g u u tine services of Cuba, Czechoslo- Soviet representatives, including limits of cooperation between the The spiritual pre trade officials and Tass torte- vakia, East Germany, Poland, two superpowers. It lends valua- litical arrogance and Hungary. At the KGB's beaddit on,,many agents use the hest, the Cubans have trained ble be rspec ive tcontradictiono appsars If th is recognst spondents work for the KG. In U.N. headquarters and Mexico both Palestinian and Irish terror- the Soviet system. respectable ag C_ t th fists. KGB operatives are also ac- ood es a a a ri C g t ons 1ty r opera tive in encouraging, supporting, The root problem is not the 1 g United States. For several years and organizing "peace demon- KGB, but the totalitarian charac- Nevertheless, the Soviet Union Secretary General Ti Thant had a strations," riots, and other dis- ter of the Soviet regime. And the i is a superpower, and the United personal assistant, Viktor Les- turbances to discredit regimes evil in totalitarianism is its States should co tmue to induce siovsky, a KGB agent. Probably whose character or policies Mos- arrogance, its insistence that the it to adopt those disciplines that half of the 207 Soviet citizens cow opposes. party has the whole truth in all will make nuclear war less likely employed by the U. N. Secretari- ONE OF THE LESSER known spheres of man's existence, the without making nuclear black- at, are KGB agents, and at least KGB activities is the "disinfor- answer to all problems. Unlike mail more attractive. one was assigned to the division responsible for assassination and mation" program designed to Western political leaders, the It is precisely cause the Sovi- et Union is a army that we sabotage, described in Chapter 13 discredit individuals, institutions, men in the Kremlin are not con- Americans sho d seek intellec- of the book. and governments by disseminat- strained by a transcendent ethic, tual and collar dialogue with In 1971 there were 108 official ing forgeries, literary hoaxes, a code beyond the party and inde- Soviet citizens. "Our society," Americans in Moscow and 189 and false information and by pendent of it. The party is not says Barron, "can survive the commiting acts such as murder only the state, but God. Soviet activities clan Soviet citizens with the KG immunity in Washington. a In for psychological-political ef- leaders invoke terms like "the but d their tine society Gann t ultimate inforThe m ti nratiwon operations ca master rule of vote d do "human ly withstand t e free flow of Moscow the total number of ac- di s Vi t c or communist countries was 809, as d , -7go reading. "Twice Louis has been and confuse adherents to West- Dr. Lefever, a ..:.Tries h a accredited diplomats in the same Vi ~ i ce_~ _s_ _-_ident. Humphrey A revealing, top-se- ce Prephrey on It is this spiritual arrogance KGB textbook obtained by Oct. 17, 1966, and by Presidential that crushes the human spirit and cret The Pray Adviser Henry A. Kissinger on aspirations of the people who live Western intelligence, xt c- Nov. 13,1971." in a totalitarian state. This is lice the eU.S.A. and tie Third Americans ries, The book is filled with de- why the KGB seeks to create is reproduced almost in its entire- monstrably true stories that will spiritual isolation among Soviet Iv in the book's appendix. fascinate the spy enthusiast. But citizens by making every person precisely because it is interesting afraid of his neighbor or member many of them have been caught may be tempted to dismiss KGB Morozov, a 14-y ar-old boy who and expelled. In September, 1971 as a romanticized thriller. That tih'nouiiced his father in 1932 for the British government publicly would be a mistake. John Barron giving refuge to eeing peasants, expelled 105 KGB and GRU offi- has produced a harmonious blend was made a Hero of the Soviet cers, but only after Moscow had of journalism and scholarship to Union. The father was summarily "contemptuously ignored" Lon- the credit of both professions. shot and enraged peasants don'squietrequest to desist from lynched the boy. In 1965 a statue a campaign to "suborn politi- THIS IS A SERIOUS book on a of Palvik was er cted in his hon- cians, scientists, businessmen, serious subject and it is abun- or. The house where he betrayed and civil servants." "Between dantly documented. For four his father is a Communist shrine, 1970 and July 1973, 20 nations years it has been painstakingly and today he is held up as an ide- found it necessary to expel a total researched. Most of the facts I al for every worthy citizen to of 164 Soviet officials because of came from former KGB agents, emulate. their illegal, clandestine ac but in virtually all instances in-' tions." A list of sonic 1,400 "Sovi - formation was corroborated by BARRON INS STS there can et Citizens Engaged in Clandes. - independent sources cited in the be no full "detente until there is tine Operations" is carried in the chapter notes. "We believe we an end to this massive KGB book's appendix. It includes only have interviewed or had access aggression" against the Soviet names "postively identified by to reports from all postwar KGB people and against persons, in_cti: Union followed a policy of sup- data. depredations," h ppressions and says, must be groups abroad which its agents support from the Reader's Di- adds, should refuse to accept trolled. Today the KGB trains ? tor, -' g _the- -o monito ri ng- of diplomats and sh including and materially nsupports man any publications in 13 languages by ly expel the legi more terrorist organizations, in- various Digest offices abroad. cers entrenched n foreign capi- black and white regimes in Afri- ca, several in Latin America, the pages of appended material g make a significant contribution some of the brutality of the Stalin Quebec Liberation Front in Cana- to literature on the Soviet Union. era has passed. In those days da, Palestine groups, and terror- From beginning to end, the book Solzhenitsyn would not simply fists in Northern Ireland. rings true. have been stripped of his citizen- Many terrorist leaders are Coming at this time of intensi- ship and expelled He would have trained in the Soviet Union, but fled KGB efforts to suppress dis- been shot, But ~e basic moral Studies at the Brookings Insti Lion, has writ- ten "Ethics and U.S. Foreign Policy, " "Spec and Scepter, " and other books. This review also draws upon an interview with the B operatives abroad have made their shaAl1pVOV qb ru XV "I J9s/ %uLop PHh ftbOvILIS 1`bK6614 ~0700001-8