File:Fossil charcoal in sandstone (Pottsville Group, Middle Pennsylvanian; Symmes Creek outcrop, northern Muskingum County, Ohio, USA) 1 (17116480480).jpg
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DescriptionFossil charcoal in sandstone (Pottsville Group, Middle Pennsylvanian; Symmes Creek outcrop, northern Muskingum County, Ohio, USA) 1 (17116480480).jpg |
Fossil charcoal in sandstone from the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA. (~3.8 cm across at its widest) This fossiliferous rock sample is from the Pottsville Group of eastern Ohio. The Pottsville Group is a Pennsylvanian-aged cyclothemic succession containing nonmarine shales, marine shales, siltstones, sandstones, coals, marine limestones, and chert ("flint"). The lower Pottsville dates to the late Early Pennsylvanian. The upper part dates to the early Middle Pennsylvanian. The Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian boundary is apparently somewhere near the Boggs Limestone horizon (?). This is a small sample of muscovitic quartz sandstone with a piece of fossil charcoal (= black-colored chunk at upper right). The Pennsylvanian was a time of relatively high atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels, and forest fires were relatively common events. Charcoalized fossil wood can be found in some abundance in Pennsylvanian sedimentary successions. The original wood microstructure is usually well preserved, but the charcoal fragments themselves are quite delicate. A gentle rub with a finger turns these fragments into black powder. Stratigraphy: float from Pottsville Group, Middle Pennsylvanian (loose piece was found below the Lower Mercer Limestone & above the Boggs Limestone) Locality: creek cut along the northern banks of Symmes Creek, just upstream from Mollies Rock Road bridge & just upstream from the North Branch/North Fork-Symmes Creek confluence, Madison Township, northern Muskingum County, Ohio, USA |
Date | |
Source | Fossil charcoal in sandstone (Pottsville Group, Middle Pennsylvanian; Symmes Creek outcrop, northern Muskingum County, Ohio, USA) 1 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by jsj1771 at https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/17116480480. It was reviewed on 6 May 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
6 May 2015
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current | 19:05, 6 May 2015 | 2,702 × 1,823 (2.4 MB) | Natuur12 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/160 sec (0.00625) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:18, 28 March 2015 |
Lens focal length | 6.2 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 15:52, 28 April 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:18, 28 March 2015 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.3125 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.96875 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 11:52, 28 April 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | 35791ACE2DECA4A2E374DF763EB5219A |
IIM version | 23 |