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editDescriptionJulia set c = -1.05204872 DLD.png |
English: Julia set c = -1.05204872 Algorithm : Discrete Lagrangian Descriptors (DLD) by Víctor J. García-Garrido[1] |
Date | |
Source | Own work with help of pauldelbrot[2] and 3Dickulus[3] |
Author | Adam majewski |
Other versions |
|
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c src code
edit/*
Adam Majewski
adammaj1 aaattt o2 dot pl // o like oxygen not 0 like zero
==============================================
Structure of a program or how to analyze the program
============== Image X ========================
DrawImageOfX -> DrawPointOfX -> ComputeColorOfX
first 2 functions are identical for every X
check only last function = ComputeColorOfX
which computes color of one pixel !
==========================================
---------------------------------
indent d.c
default is gnu style
-------------------
c console progam
export OMP_DISPLAY_ENV="TRUE"
gcc d.c -lm -Wall -march=native -fopenmp
time ./a.out > b.txt
gcc d.c -lm -Wall -march=native -fopenmp
time ./a.out
time ./a.out >i.txt
time ./a.out >e.txt
convert -limit memory 1000mb -limit disk 1gb dd30010000_20_3_0.90.pgm -resize 2000x2000 10.png
=======================
# gnuplot "i.plt"
set terminal svg enhanced background rgb 'white'
set xlabel "re(z)"
set ylabel "DLD"
set title "Relation between z and DLD in the interior of Julia set for c = -1"
set output "interior.svg"
plot "i.txt" with lines
----------------------
d0 - db = 5.0000000000000000 - 4.5389870050569598 = 0.4610129949430402
allways free memory (deallocate ) to avoid memory leaks
Numerical approximation of Julia set for fc(z)= z^2 + c
parameter c = ( -1.0000000000000000 ; 0.0000000000000000 )
Image Width = 4.000000 in world coordinate
PixelWidth = 0.004004
Maximal number of iterations = iterMax = 1000
ratio of image = 1.000000 ; it should be 1.000 ...
gcc version: 7.5.0
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // malloc
#include <string.h> // strcat
#include <math.h> // M_PI; needs -lm also
#include <complex.h>
#include <omp.h> // OpenMP
#include <limits.h> // Maximum value for an unsigned long long int
// https://sourceforge.net/p/predef/wiki/Standards/
#if defined(__STDC__)
#define PREDEF_STANDARD_C_1989
#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__)
#if (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199409L)
#define PREDEF_STANDARD_C_1994
#endif
#if (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)
#define PREDEF_STANDARD_C_1999
#endif
#endif
#endif
/* --------------------------------- global variables and consts ------------------------------------------------------------ */
// virtual 2D array and integer ( screen) coordinate
// Indexes of array starts from 0 not 1
//unsigned int ix, iy; // var
static unsigned int ixMin = 0; // Indexes of array starts from 0 not 1
static unsigned int ixMax; //
static unsigned int iWidth; // horizontal dimension of array
static unsigned int iyMin = 0; // Indexes of array starts from 0 not 1
static unsigned int iyMax; //
static unsigned int iHeight = 10000; //
// The size of array has to be a positive constant integer
static unsigned long long int iSize; // = iWidth*iHeight;
// memmory 1D array
unsigned char *data;
//unsigned char *edge;
//unsigned char *edge2;
// unsigned int i; // var = index of 1D array
//static unsigned int iMin = 0; // Indexes of array starts from 0 not 1
static unsigned int iMax; // = i2Dsize-1 =
// The size of array has to be a positive constant integer
// unsigned int i1Dsize ; // = i2Dsize = (iMax -iMin + 1) = ; 1D array with the same size as 2D array
static const double ZxMin = -1.8; //-0.05;
static const double ZxMax = 1.8; //0.75;
static const double ZyMin = -1.8; //-0.1;
static const double ZyMax = 1.8; //0.7;
static double PixelWidth; // =(ZxMax-ZxMin)/ixMax;
static double PixelHeight; // =(ZyMax-ZyMin)/iyMax;
static double ratio;
// complex numbers of parametr plane
//https://fractalforums.org/code-snippets-fragments/74/lagrangian-descriptors-fragment-code/3612/msg22426#msg22426
double complex c = -1.05204872; // parameter of function fc(z)=z^2 + c
// attracting period 2 cycle
double complex z21 = 0.049822582293598;
double complex z22 = -1.049822582293598;
double complex z1a = -0.641073494565534; // alfa
complex double z1b = 1.641073494565534; // beta
double complex zb = 0.203208556149733 + 0.377005347593583 * I; // point on the boubndary of main componnet
/*
ER = pow(10,ERe);
AR = pow(10,-ARe);
*/
int ARe = 3; // increase ARe until black ( unknown) points disapear
int ERe = 3;
double ER; //= 1e60;
double AR; //= 1e-16; // bigger values do not works
int IterMax = 1000;
// DLD
const int N = 20; // fixed number : maximal number of iterations
double p = 0.01444322; //
// DLD colors
double me = 1.0;
double mi = 0.9;
double d21; // = lagrangian(z21, c, N, p);
double d22; // = lagrangian(z22, c, N, p);
double db; // = lagrangian(z1a, c, N, p);
double dd; // = d1a-d21;
/* colors = shades of gray from 0 to 255 */
unsigned char iColorOfExterior = 150;
unsigned char iColorOfInterior = 50;
unsigned char iColorOfBoundary = 0;
unsigned char iColorOfUnknown = 255;
// pixel counters
unsigned long long int uUnknown = 0;
unsigned long long int uInterior = 0;
unsigned long long int uExterior = 0;
/* ------------------------------------------ functions -------------------------------------------------------------*/
//------------------complex numbers -----------------------------------------------------
// from screen to world coordinate ; linear mapping
// uses global cons
double
GiveZx (int ix)
{
return (ZxMin + ix * PixelWidth);
}
// uses globaal cons
double
GiveZy (int iy)
{
return (ZyMax - iy * PixelHeight);
} // reverse y axis
complex double
GiveZ (int ix, int iy)
{
double Zx = GiveZx (ix);
double Zy = GiveZy (iy);
return Zx + Zy * I;
}
// ****************** DYNAMICS = trap tests ( target sets) ****************************
/* ----------- array functions = drawing -------------- */
/* gives position of 2D point (ix,iy) in 1D array ; uses also global variable iWidth */
unsigned int
Give_i (unsigned int ix, unsigned int iy)
{
return ix + iy * iWidth;
}
// ***********************************************************************************************
// ********************** edge detection usung Sobel filter ***************************************
// ***************************************************************************************************
// from Source to Destination
int
ComputeBoundaries (unsigned char S[], unsigned char D[])
{
unsigned int iX, iY; /* indices of 2D virtual array (image) = integer coordinate */
unsigned int i; /* index of 1D array */
/* sobel filter */
unsigned char G, Gh, Gv;
// boundaries are in D array ( global var )
// clear D array
memset (D, iColorOfExterior, iSize * sizeof (*D)); // for heap-allocated arrays, where N is the number of elements = FillArrayWithColor(D , iColorOfExterior);
// printf(" find boundaries in S array using Sobel filter\n");
#pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic) private(i,iY,iX,Gv,Gh,G) shared(iyMax,ixMax)
for (iY = 1; iY < iyMax - 1; ++iY)
{
for (iX = 1; iX < ixMax - 1; ++iX)
{
Gv =
S[Give_i (iX - 1, iY + 1)] + 2 * S[Give_i (iX, iY + 1)] +
S[Give_i (iX - 1, iY + 1)] - S[Give_i (iX - 1, iY - 1)] -
2 * S[Give_i (iX - 1, iY)] - S[Give_i (iX + 1, iY - 1)];
Gh =
S[Give_i (iX + 1, iY + 1)] + 2 * S[Give_i (iX + 1, iY)] +
S[Give_i (iX - 1, iY - 1)] - S[Give_i (iX + 1, iY - 1)] -
2 * S[Give_i (iX - 1, iY)] - S[Give_i (iX - 1, iY - 1)];
G = sqrt (Gh * Gh + Gv * Gv);
i = Give_i (iX, iY); /* compute index of 1D array from indices of 2D array */
if (G == 0)
{
D[i] = 255;
} /* background */
else
{
D[i] = 0;
} /* boundary */
}
}
return 0;
}
// copy from Source to Destination
int
CopyBoundaries (unsigned char S[], unsigned char D[])
{
unsigned int iX, iY; /* indices of 2D virtual array (image) = integer coordinate */
unsigned int i; /* index of 1D array */
//printf("copy boundaries from S array to D array \n");
for (iY = 1; iY < iyMax - 1; ++iY)
for (iX = 1; iX < ixMax - 1; ++iX)
{
i = Give_i (iX, iY);
if (S[i] == 0)
D[i] = 0;
}
return 0;
}
// ***************************************************************************************************************************
// ************************** DLD/J*****************************************
// ****************************************************************************************************************************
/* partial pnorm
input: z , zn = f(z), p
output ppn
*/
double
ppnorm (complex double z, complex double zn, double p)
{
double s[2][3]; // array for 2 points on the Riemann sphere
int j;
double d; // denominator
double x;
double y;
double ds;
double ppn = 0.0;
// map from complex plane to riemann sphere
// z
x = creal (z);
y = cimag (z);
d = x * x + y * y + 1.0;
s[0][0] = (2.0 * x) / d;
s[0][1] = (2.0 * y) / d;
s[0][2] = (d - 2.0) / d; // (x^2 + y^2 - 1)/d
// zn
x = creal (zn);
y = cimag (zn);
d = x * x + y * y + 1.0;
s[1][0] = (2.0 * x) / d;
s[1][1] = (2.0 * y) / d;
s[1][2] = (d - 2.0) / d; // (x^2 + y^2 - 1)/d
// sum
for (j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
{
ds = fabs (s[1][j] - s[0][j]);
// normal: neither zero, subnormal, infinite, nor NaN
//if (fpclassify (ds) !=FP_INFINITE)
//if (isnormal(ds))
// it is solved by if (cabs(z) > 1e60 ) break; procedure in parent function
ppn += pow (ds, p); // |ds|^p
// else {ppn = 10000.0; printf("ds = infty\t");} //
}
return ppn;
}
// DLD = Discret Lagrangian Descriptior
double
lagrangian (complex double z0, complex double c, int iMax, double p)
{
int i; // number of iteration
double d = 0.0; // DLD = sum
double ppn; // partial pnorm
complex double z = z0;
complex double zn; // next z
for (i = 0; i < iMax; ++i)
{
zn = z * z + c; // complex iteration
ppn = ppnorm (z, zn, p);
d += ppn; // sum
//
z = zn;
//if (! isnormal(d)) { return 0.0; } // not works
if (cabs (z) > 1e6)
break; // exterior : big values produces artifacts on the image
}
//if (d<0.0) {// interior
// d(z1a) - d(z21) = -0.0804163521959989
// d = - d;
// d = (db - d) /dd ; // normalize, see test_interior
//d = d*d;
//if (d>1.0) {printf("d int > 1.0\n");
/// }
// else {
d = d / ((double) i); // averaging not summation
//d = d*me;} // exterior
return d;
}
unsigned char
ComputeColor_DLD (complex double z, int FatouType)
{
//double cabsz;
int iColor;
double d;
if (FatouType == 1)
{ // interior
d = lagrangian (z, c, N, p);
// modify gradient position
//{d = d - (int)d;} // only fractional part
d = d * d * mi;
//if ( d< 1.0 ) d = 0.0;
} //
else
{
d = lagrangian (z, c, 10 * N, p);
}
iColor = (int) (d * 255) % 255; // nMax or lower walues in denominator
return (unsigned char) iColor;
}
// plots raster point (ix,iy)
int
DrawDLDPoint (unsigned char A[], int ix, int iy)
{
int i; /* index of 1D array */
unsigned char iColor;
complex double z;
int FatouType;
i = Give_i (ix, iy); /* compute index of 1D array from indices of 2D array */
z = GiveZ (ix, iy);
iColor = A[i]; // read color = read the information about Fatou component type ( interior/exterior)
if (iColor == iColorOfInterior)
{
FatouType = 1;
} // tru = interior
else
{
FatouType = 0;
}
iColor = ComputeColor_DLD (z, FatouType); // compute new color
A[i] = iColor; // save new colr to the array
return 0;
}
// fill array
// uses global var : ...
// scanning complex plane
int
DrawDLDImage (unsigned char A[])
{
unsigned int ix, iy; // pixel coordinate
printf ("compute DLD image \n");
// for all pixels of image
#pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic) private(ix,iy) shared(A, ixMax , iyMax)
for (iy = iyMin; iy <= iyMax; ++iy)
{
printf (" %d from %d \r", iy, iyMax); //info
for (ix = ixMin; ix <= ixMax; ++ix)
DrawDLDPoint (A, ix, iy); //
}
return 0;
}
//=========================================
unsigned char
ComputeColor_Fatou (complex double z, int IterMax)
{
int i; // number of iteration
for (i = 0; i < IterMax; ++i)
{
z = z * z + c; // complex iteration
//if (! isnormal(d)) { return 0.0; } // not works
if (cabs (z) > 2.0)
{
uExterior += 1;
return iColorOfExterior;
} // exterior : big values produces NAN error in ppnorm computing
if (cabs (z - z21) < AR || cabs (z - z22) < AR)
{ // interior
uInterior += 1;
return iColorOfInterior;
}
}
uUnknown += 1;
return iColorOfUnknown;
}
// plots raster point (ix,iy)
int
DrawFatouPoint (unsigned char A[], int ix, int iy, int IterMax)
{
int i; /* index of 1D array */
unsigned char iColor = 0;
complex double z;
i = Give_i (ix, iy); /* compute index of 1D array from indices of 2D array */
z = GiveZ (ix, iy);
iColor = ComputeColor_Fatou (z, IterMax);
A[i] = iColor; // interior
return 0;
}
// fill array
// uses global var : ...
// scanning complex plane
int
DrawFatouImage (unsigned char A[], int IterMax)
{
unsigned int ix, iy; // pixel coordinate
printf ("compute Fatou image \n");
// for all pixels of image
#pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic) private(ix,iy) shared(A, ixMax , iyMax, uUnknown, uInterior, uExterior)
for (iy = iyMin; iy <= iyMax; ++iy)
{
printf (" %d from %d \r", iy, iyMax); //info
for (ix = ixMin; ix <= ixMax; ++ix)
DrawFatouPoint (A, ix, iy, IterMax); //
}
return 0;
}
//=========
// uses global var : ...
// scanning complex plane
int
CheckFatouImage (unsigned char A[])
{
unsigned int ix, iy; // pixel coordinate
unsigned long long int u_Unknown = 0;
unsigned long long int u_Interior = 0;
unsigned long long int u_Exterior = 0;
printf ("check Fatou array \n");
// for all pixels of image
//#pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic) private(ix,iy) shared(A, ixMax , iyMax)
for (iy = iyMin; iy <= iyMax; ++iy)
{
//printf (" %d from %d \r", iy, iyMax); //info
for (ix = ixMin; ix <= ixMax; ++ix)
{
unsigned char color = A[Give_i (ix, iy)];
if (color == iColorOfInterior)
{
u_Interior += 1;
}
else
{
if (color == iColorOfExterior)
{
u_Exterior += 1;
}
{
if (color == iColorOfUnknown)
{
u_Unknown += 1;
}
}
}
//printf("error\n");
}
}
printf ("pixel counters\n");
printf ("uUnknown = %llu\n", u_Unknown);
printf ("uExterior = %llu\n", u_Exterior);
printf ("uInterior = %llu\n", u_Interior);
printf ("Sum of pixels = %llu\n", u_Interior + u_Exterior + u_Unknown);
printf ("all pixels of the array = iSize = %llu\n", iSize);
printf ("Maximum value for an unsigned long long int = ULLONG_MAX = %llu\n",
ULLONG_MAX);
return 0;
}
//-------------------------------------------------------
// test how values changes to tune color
// from z21 to zb
int
test_interior ()
{
complex double z = z21;
complex double dz = cabs (z21 - zb) / 15.0;
double r = cabs (zb);
printf ("# re(z) \t d\n"); // gnuplot
while (creal (z) < r)
{ // from z21 to z1a
double d = lagrangian (z, c, N, p);
//int iColor = ComputeColorOfDLD(z);
// printf(" z = %.16f d = %.16f color = %d \n",creal(z), d, iColor);
printf (" %.16f %.16f \n", creal (z), d); // gnuplot
z += dz;
}
//
d21 = lagrangian (z21, c, N, p);
db = lagrangian (zb, c, N, p);
d22 = lagrangian (z22, c, N, p);
dd = db - d21;
printf ("d(z21) = %.16f \n", d21);
printf ("d(z22) = %.16f \n", d22);
printf ("d(zb) = %.16f \n", db);
printf ("d(zb) - d(z21) = %.16f\n", dd);;
return 0;
}
// test how values changes to tune color
int
test_exterior ()
{
complex double z;
complex double z0 = 1.62;
complex double z1 = 3.0;
complex double dz = 0.001;
z = z0;
printf ("# z d\n"); // gnuplot
while (creal (z) < creal (z1))
{
double d = lagrangian (z, c, N, p);
//int iColor = ComputeColorOfDLD(z);
// printf(" z = %.16f d = %.16f color = %d \n",creal(z), d, iColor);
printf (" %.16f %.16f \n", creal (z), d); // gnuplot
z += dz;
}
//
double d0 = lagrangian (z0, c, N, p);
double d1 = lagrangian (z1, c, N, p);
double dd = d0 - d1;
printf ("d0 - d1 = %.16f - %.16f = %.16f\n", d0, d1, dd);
return 0;
}
// *******************************************************************************************
// ********************************** save A array to pgm file ****************************
// *********************************************************************************************
int
SaveArray2PGMFile (unsigned char A[], int a, int b, int c, double d,
char *comment)
{
FILE *fp;
const unsigned int MaxColorComponentValue = 255; /* color component is coded from 0 to 255 ; it is 8 bit color file */
char name[100]; /* name of file */
snprintf (name, sizeof name, "dd300%d_%d_%d_%.2f", a, b, c, d); /* */
char *filename = strcat (name, ".pgm");
char long_comment[200];
sprintf (long_comment, "%s\tER = %e\tAR =%e", comment, ER, AR);
// save image array to the pgm file
fp = fopen (filename, "wb"); // create new file,give it a name and open it in binary mode
fprintf (fp, "P5\n # %s\n %u %u\n %u\n", long_comment, iWidth, iHeight, MaxColorComponentValue); // write header to the file
fwrite (A, iSize, 1, fp); // write array with image data bytes to the file in one step
fclose (fp);
// info
printf ("File %s saved ", filename);
if (long_comment == NULL || strlen (long_comment) == 0)
printf ("\n");
else
printf (". Comment = %s \n", long_comment);
return 0;
}
int
PrintCInfo ()
{
printf ("gcc version: %d.%d.%d\n", __GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__); // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20389193/how-do-i-check-my-gcc-c-compiler-version-for-my-eclipse
// OpenMP version is displayed in the console : export OMP_DISPLAY_ENV="TRUE"
printf ("__STDC__ = %d\n", __STDC__);
printf ("__STDC_VERSION__ = %ld\n", __STDC_VERSION__);
printf ("c dialect = ");
switch (__STDC_VERSION__)
{ // the format YYYYMM
case 199409L:
printf ("C94\n");
break;
case 199901L:
printf ("C99\n");
break;
case 201112L:
printf ("C11\n");
break;
case 201710L:
printf ("C18\n");
break;
//default : /* Optional */
}
return 0;
}
int
PrintProgramInfo ()
{
// display info messages
printf ("Numerical approximation of Julia set for fc(z)= z^2 + c \n");
//printf ("iPeriodParent = %d \n", iPeriodParent);
//printf ("iPeriodOfChild = %d \n", iPeriodChild);
printf ("parameter c = ( %.16f ; %.16f ) \n", creal (c), cimag (c));
printf ("Image Width = %f in world coordinate\n", ZxMax - ZxMin);
printf ("PixelWidth = %.16f \n", PixelWidth);
printf ("AR = %.16f = %f *PixelWidth\n", AR, AR / PixelWidth);
//printf("pixel counters\n");
//printf ("uUnknown = %llu\n", uUnknown);
//printf ("uExterior = %llu\n", uExterior);
//printf ("uInterior = %llu\n", uInterior);
//printf ("Sum of pixels = %llu\n", uInterior+uExterior + uUnknown);
//printf ("all pixels of the array = iSize = %llu\n", iSize);
// image corners in world coordinate
// center and radius
// center and zoom
// GradientRepetition
printf ("DLD : N = Maximal number of iterations = iterMax = %d \n", N);
printf ("ratio of image = %f ; it should be 1.000 ...\n", ratio);
//
return 0;
}
// *****************************************************************************
//;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; setup ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
// **************************************************************************************
int
setup ()
{
printf ("setup start\n");
/* 2D array ranges */
iWidth = iHeight;
iSize = iWidth * iHeight; // size = number of points in array
// iy
iyMax = iHeight - 1; // Indexes of array starts from 0 not 1 so the highest elements of an array is = array_name[size-1].
//ix
ixMax = iWidth - 1;
/* 1D array ranges */
// i1Dsize = i2Dsize; // 1D array with the same size as 2D array
iMax = iSize - 1; // Indexes of array starts from 0 not 1 so the highest elements of an array is = array_name[size-1].
/* Pixel sizes */
PixelWidth = (ZxMax - ZxMin) / ixMax; // ixMax = (iWidth-1) step between pixels in world coordinate
PixelHeight = (ZyMax - ZyMin) / iyMax;
ratio = ((ZxMax - ZxMin) / (ZyMax - ZyMin)) / ((double) iWidth / (double) iHeight); // it should be 1.000 ...
ER = pow (10, ERe);
AR = pow (10, -ARe);
/* create dynamic 1D arrays for colors ( shades of gray ) */
data = malloc (iSize * sizeof (unsigned char));
if (data == NULL)
{
fprintf (stderr, " Could not allocate memory");
return 1;
}
test_interior ();
printf (" end of setup \n");
return 0;
} // ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; end of the setup ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
int
end ()
{
printf (" allways free memory (deallocate ) to avoid memory leaks \n"); // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_dynamic_memory_allocation
free (data);
PrintProgramInfo ();
PrintCInfo ();
return 0;
}
// ********************************************************************************************************************
/* ----------------------------------------- main -------------------------------------------------------------*/
// ********************************************************************************************************************
int
main ()
{
setup ();
DrawFatouImage (data, IterMax); // first find Fatou
SaveArray2PGMFile (data, iWidth, IterMax, ERe, ARe,
"DLD/J , name = iWidth_IterMax_ER_AR");
CheckFatouImage (data); //
DrawDLDImage (data);
SaveArray2PGMFile (data, iWidth, N, ERe, mi,
"DLD/J , name = iWidth_N_ER_mi");
//test_exterior();
end ();
return 0;
}
text output
editexport OMP_DISPLAY_ENV="TRUE" ./a.out OPENMP DISPLAY ENVIRONMENT BEGIN _OPENMP = '201511' OMP_DYNAMIC = 'FALSE' OMP_NESTED = 'FALSE' OMP_NUM_THREADS = '8' OMP_SCHEDULE = 'DYNAMIC' OMP_PROC_BIND = 'FALSE' OMP_PLACES = '' OMP_STACKSIZE = '0' OMP_WAIT_POLICY = 'PASSIVE' OMP_THREAD_LIMIT = '4294967295' OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS = '2147483647' OMP_CANCELLATION = 'FALSE' OMP_DEFAULT_DEVICE = '0' OMP_MAX_TASK_PRIORITY = '0' OMP_DISPLAY_AFFINITY = 'FALSE' OMP_AFFINITY_FORMAT = 'level %L thread %i affinity %A' OPENMP DISPLAY ENVIRONMENT END setup start # re(z) d 0.0498225822935980 2.0019628511802994 0.0769568401885710 2.0019744168232489 0.1040910980835440 2.0019722362929828 0.1312253559785169 2.0019543636327191 0.1583596138734899 2.0019183527983122 0.1854938717684629 2.0018612484604565 0.2126281296634359 2.0017794882506879 0.2397623875584088 2.0016686844808618 0.2668966454533818 2.0015232724315384 0.2940309033483548 2.0013360372536271 0.3211651612433278 2.0010975374673237 0.3482994191383008 2.0007953805776486 0.3754336770332737 2.0004131176105138 0.4025679349282467 1.9999282106133507 d(z21) = 2.0019628511802994 d(z22) = 2.0019637382718325 d(zb) = 2.9789229160482393 d(zb) - d(z21) = 0.9769600648679400 end of setup compute Fatou image File dd30010000_1000_3_3.00.pgm saved . Comment = DLD/J , name = iWidth_IterMax_ER_AR ER = 1.000000e+03 AR =1.000000e-03 check Fatou array pixel counters uUnknown = 0 uExterior = 90110344 uInterior = 9889656 Sum of pixels = 100000000 all pixels of the array = iSize = 100000000 Maximum value for an unsigned long long int = ULLONG_MAX = 18446744073709551615 compute DLD image File dd30010000_20_3_0.90.pgm saved . Comment = DLD/J , name = iWidth_N_ER_mi ER = 1.000000e+03 AR =1.000000e-03 allways free memory (deallocate ) to avoid memory leaks Numerical approximation of Julia set for fc(z)= z^2 + c parameter c = ( -1.0520487199999999 ; 0.0000000000000000 ) Image Width = 3.600000 in world coordinate PixelWidth = 0.0003600360036004 AR = 0.0010000000000000 = 2.777500 *PixelWidth DLD : N = Maximal number of iterations = iterMax = 20 ratio of image = 1.000000 ; it should be 1.000 ... gcc version: 9.3.0 __STDC__ = 1 __STDC_VERSION__ = 201710 c dialect = C18
postprocessing
editConvert using ImageMagic
convert dd30010000_20_3_0.90.pgm -resize 2000x2000 10.png
references
edit- ↑ Unveiling the Fractal Structure of Julia Sets with Lagrangian Descriptors by Víctor J. García-Garrido
- ↑ fractalforums.org: unveiling-the-fractal-structure-of-julia-sets-with-lagrangian-descriptors
- ↑ fractalforums.org: lagrangian-descriptors-fragment-code
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