Commons:Panorámaszabadság/Ázsia

Panoráma szabadsága
Afrika‌Amerika‌Ázsia‌Európa‌Ausztrália és Óceánia‌Others

Ez a lap áttekintést nyújt a panorámaszabadsággal kapcsolatos szerzői jogi szabályokról különböző ázsiai országokban; az egyes országok szabályairól szóló lapok „beillesztéséből” áll, összehasonlításra vagy karbantartásra hasznos.

Ázsia országai

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Afghanistan

Afganisztán

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Azerbaijan

Azerbajdzsán

Nincs adat

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COM:FOP Bahrain

Bahrein

Nincs adat

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COM:FOP Bangladesh

Banglades

  for architecture, sculptures, and works of artistic craftsmanship: {{FoP-Bangladesh}}

 Not OK for other types of artistic works.

According to the 2000 Copyright Act of Bangladesh, copyright is not infringed by,

• The making or publishing of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of architecture or the display of a work of architecture.^{[28/2000 Section 72(19)]};
• The making or publishing of painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of a sculpture or other artistic work falling under section 36(c), if such work is permanently situated in a public place or any premises to which the public has access.^{[28/2000 Section 72(20)]};
• The inclusion in a cinematograph film of (i) any artistic work permanently situated in a public place or any premises to which the public has access; or ii) any other artistic work, if such inclusion is only by way of background or is otherwise incidental to the principal matters represented in the film.^{[28/2000 Section 72(21)]};

Under 2000 Copyright Act of Bangladesh, the "artistic works" are enumerated as: (a) a painting, a sculpture, a drawing (including a diagram, map, chart or plan), an engraving or a photograph whether or not any such work possesses artistic quality; (b) a work of architecture; and (c) any other work of artistic craftsmanship.^{[28/2000 Section 2(36)]} Thus the Bangladeshi freedom of panorama only applies to works of architecture, sculptures, and works of artistic craftsmanship "permanently situated in a public place or any premises to which the public has access."

As expected in most of the former British colonies, the Bangladeshi law is modelled on UK law, and in the absence of any specific case law to the contrary it is reasonable to assume that the rules will be similar. See the COM:FOP United Kingdom for more details.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Bhutan

Bhután

  . There is no provision for Freedom of Panorama in the Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001. None of the indicated exceptions or limitations to copyright at Sections 10–17 contain a provision allowing the free use of a copyrighted work permanently seen or found in public spaces, like architecture and sculptures, without the need to get license clearances from the designers of the said public space works.

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COM:FOP Brunei

Brunei Darussalam

  for 3D works and works of artistic craftsmanship = {{FoP-Brunei}}.

   for 2D graphic works.

Under the Emergency (Copyright) Order, 1999 of Brunei Darussalam,

• It is not a copyright infringement to make graphic representations, take photographs, broadcast the images of buildings, sculptures, models for buildings and works of artistic craftsmanship given that the object is permanently situated in a public place, nor to reproduce aforementioned works to the public.^{[1999 Section 66]}
• "Work of artistic craftsmanship" is defined separately from "graphic work".^{[1999 Section 6]} "Graphic work" includes any painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart or plan, and any engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut or similar work.^{[1999 Section 6]} These works are not covered by the Section 66 exception.^{[1999 Section 66]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Cyprus

Ciprus

Nincs adat

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COM:FOP South Korea

Dél-Korea

Nincs adat

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COM:FOP United Arab Emirates

Egyesült Arab Emírségek

Nincs adat

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COM:FOP Egypt

Egyiptom

Nincs adat

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COM:FOP North Korea

Észak-Korea

 : {{FoP-North Korea}}

Under the Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (as amended by Decree No. 1532 of February 1, 2006), A copyrighted work may be used without the permission ... when a copyrighted work in public places is copied.^{[1532/2006 Article 32.8]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Philippines

Fülöp-szigetek

   for majority of the works of art. {{NoFoP-Philippines}}

Note: Please tag Philippine no-FoP deletion requests: <noinclude>[[Category:Philippine FOP cases/pending]]</noinclude>

There is no provision in any of the exceptions listed under Chapter VIII ("Limitations on copyright") of the IP Code of the Philippines (Act No. 8293) (2015 Edition) allowing images of copyrighted architectural and artistic works to be made and/or distributed for commercial purposes, such as post cards, stamps, calendars, advertising materials, and T-shirt printing.^{[8293/2015 Chapter VIII Section 184–190]}

According to the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines, street art is "qualifiable for copyright protection" per the copyright law. Accordingly, the artists "enjoy economic rights, which involves generation of profit from others' use, reproduction, or any transformation of their work for commercial purposes. Another right enjoyed by a copyright holder are moral rights or the rights of an author to proper attribution, to make any alterations on his or her works, to withhold or deny publication, and to object to any modifications or mutilation to his or her work."

Section 184 of Chapter VIII provides the following acts as not constituting copyright infringement:^{[8293/2015 Chapter VIII Section 184.1]}

(d) The reproduction and communication to the public of literary, scientific or artistic works as part of reports of current events by means of photography, cinematography or broadcasting to the extent necessary for the purpose; (Sec. 12, P.D. No. 49)

(e) The inclusion of a work in a publication, broadcast, or other communication to the public, sound recording or film, if such inclusion is made by way of illustration for teaching purposes and is compatible with fair use: Provided, That the source and of the name of the author, if appearing in the work, are mentioned.

None of these provisions are strictly free enough for Wikimedia Commons. In particular, fair use is not allowed on Wikimedia Commons, and licensing limited to noncommercial uses is not allowed either.

Recent developments

See meta:Pilipinas Panorama Community/Freedom of Panorama#Recent developments for the recent developments concerning the attempt to introduce freedom of panorama in the country.

Public domain exceptions for FoP-reliant works

 : Buildings completed prior to November 14, 1972: {{PD-Philippines-FoP work}}. The previous copyright laws, the Spanish Law on Intellectual Property (1879) and Act No. 3134 (1924, which followed the U.S. copyright law), did not protect buildings. On November 14, 1972, Presidential Decree No. 49 took effect which formally protected works of architecture and made works copyright-protected upon creation, removing copyright registration formalities. See also the following discussions: Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2020/08#Philippine buildings before 1972 and Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2021/06#Philippine buildings from 1951–1972 - anew.

 : Artistic works (e.g. sculptures) made before 1972 that were not registered, and artistic works made before 1942 that were once registered but not renewed: {{PD-Philippines-FoP work}}. Act No. 3134, the then-prevailing copyright law, required registration and a notice for a work to be copyright-protected. Such requirements were removed by Presidential Decree No. 49 s. 1972. Works were considered not protected by copyright unless these were registered, and the term of copyright was 30 years from the date of registration. See also Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Bonifacio National Monument (Caloocan City)#Files in Category:Bonifacio National Monument (Caloocan City) 2.

 : literary texts on commemorative markers from the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) and its predecessors: {{WorkDepicted-PD-PhilippinesGov}}. See also this deletion request.

General copyright term for all architectural and artistic works: Copyright protection expires 50 years after the death of the original or last-surviving author (whether the architect, sculptor, painter, or other artist). On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 51st Year), freely licensed images of the author's 3D works such as sculptures, buildings, bridges or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Philippine freedom of panorama is no longer relevant here since the author's works are now copyright free.

See also: Category:Philippine FOP cases.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Georgia

Grúzia

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP India

India

Nincs adat

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COM:FOP Indonesia

Indonézia

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Iraq

Irak

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Iran

Irán

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Israel

Izrael

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Japan

Japán

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Yemen

Jemen

  : The list of exceptions (Articles 40–47) of the Law No. 15 of 2012 on the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights does not contain any freedom of panorama provision allowing free uses of images of copyrighted architectural and artistic works in public spaces. Only allowed uses:

• Personal use.^{[15/2012 Article 40(1)]}
• Non-profit educational or training purposes ("with due reference be made to the source and name of the author").^{[15/2012 Article 40(2)]}
• "Taking photographs of any entity that has been previously photographed."^{[15/2012 Article 40(4)]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Jordan

Jordánia

  . Copying is only allowed for private personal, and educational use.

Articles "(17): Use of Published Works" and "(20): Copy of Work without Author’s Consent" of The Copyright Law, No. (22) of 1992 of Jordan do not explicitly mention works of architecture, but they are defined in Article (3) as "Works Enjoying Copyright Protection." Protection also includes the title of the work, unless it's generic and is used to describe the subject of the work.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Cambodia

Kambodzsa

  , only incidental ("not the main subject") inclusion is allowed. {{NoFoP-Cambodia}}

Cambodian copyright law does provide some form of freedom of panorama, but does not allow if the artistic works become the main subject of the subsequent reproduction (that is, further depictions). The "principle" on the English version is likely a typographical error, as "principle" is not used as an adjective in the English language. More likely, it should have been "principal".

• "If there is a clear indication of the author's name and the source of work, the following acts are not subjected to any prohibitions by the author: ... The reproduction of graphic or plastic work which is situated in the public place, when this reproduction doesn't constitute the principle [sic] subject for subsequent reproduction."^{[2003 Article 25]}

Note: "Copyright protection expires 50 years after the death of the original author (who may be the architect, sculptor, or muralist) of a public artistic work of Cambodia.^{[2003 Article 30]} On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 51st Year), freely-licensed images of the author's sculptures, buildings, murals, or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for sovereign states with no formal FOP legal rights since the author's works are now copyright free."

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Qatar

Katar

  . For noncommercial purposes of personal use and illustration through teaching only. Under Chapter V, "Restrictions on Copyright and Neighboring Rights":

(1) using the work exclusively for personal use, through reproduction, translation, quotation, musical arrangement, acting, broadcast listening, television viewing, photography or by any other means; ^{[7/2002 Article 18]}

(2) using the work by way of illustration for teaching, through publications, broadcasts, sound or visual recordings, films or by any other means, to the extent justified by the purpose, provided that the use is non­profit making and the source and the name of the author are indicated. ^{[7/2002 Article 18]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Kazakhstan

Kazahsztán

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP East Timor

Kelet-Timor

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP 中国 / 中國

Kína

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Kyrgyzstan

Kirgizisztán

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Kuwait

Kuvait

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Laos

Laosz

  . Law No. 38/NA of November 15, 2017, on Intellectual Property allows only incidental use:

• "reproducing, by photography or cinematography, images of works of fine art, photographs, and other artistic works, and works of applied art, provided such works have already been published, publicly displayed, or communicated to the public, where such reproduction is incidental to the photographic or cinematographic work and is not the object of the photographic or cinematographic work."^{[38/NA/2017 Article 115.3]}
• "For the purpose of reporting current events by means of photography, cinematography, broadcasting or communication to the public by wire, literary or artistic works seen or heard in the course of the event may, to the extent justified by the informatory purpose, be reproduced and made available to the public. The above acts shall not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and shall not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author."^{[38/NA/2017 Article 115]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Lebanon

Libanon

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Malaysia

Malajzia

  {{FoP-Malaysia}}

According to Malaysian Copyright Act 1987, the right of control is excluded from "the reproduction and distribution of copies of any artistic work permanently situated in a place where it can be viewed by the public".^{[332/2006 Section 13(2)(d)]} Section 3 defines "artistic work" as any graphic work, photograph, sculpture, collage, and work of architecture or artistic craftsmanship. Layout-designs of integrated circuits are not artistic works.

For the meaning of the term works of artistic craftsmanship, see "United Kingdom – Freedom of panorama".

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Maldives

Maldív-szigetek

  . The relevant section of the The Copyright & Related Rights Act (Law 23 of 2010), "Section 17: Reproduction, broadcasting and other communication to the public for informatory purposes" does not contain any language that indicates freedom of panorama.^{[23/2010 Section 17]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP မြန်မာပြည်

Template:မြန်မာပြည်

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Mongolia

Mongólia

   {{NoFoP-Mongolia}}. The Mongolian copyright law does not provide freedom of panorama. Instead, it only allows incidental inclusion of works in public spaces for reporting purposes. It also provides conditions that are similar to United States fair use conditions.

Under the Law of Mongolia on Copyright and Related Rights (as last amended on January 19, 2006),

• It is allowed to publish works of architecture, fine arts and photography located in public places in order to show the surrounding areas of events while reporting the events to the public.^{[2006 Article 24.1.6]}
• But the following conditions shall be considered in determining the circumstances provided in Section 24.1 of this law: To have a non-profit purpose; The extent of use and the importance of the used parts; The value of the work and the effect of the used part on the market.^{[2006 Article 24.2]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Nepal

Nepál

  . There is no freedom of panorama in Nepal.^{[8/2002 Section 20]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Oman

Omán

   Under Royal Decree No. 65/2008, protected works include "Works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, lithography, printing on fabric, wood or metals, and any similar works in fine arts.^{[2008 Article 2(g)]}

Article 20, which covers Free Uses of Works, makes no exemption for freedom of panorama.^{[2008 Article 20]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Armenia

Örményország

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Russia

Oroszország

•   for buildings: {{FoP-Russia}}
•   for works of garden design: {{FoP-Russia}}
•    for artwork, including sculptures: {{NoFoP-Russia}}

Article 1276 of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation states:

• Free Use of Work Permanently Situated in Places Open for Free Attendance
  1. It is allowed without the consent of the author or other right holder and without paying a fee to reproduce and distribute produced copies, to transmit on air or through a cable, to bring to public knowledge works of fine arts or photographic works which are permanently located in a public place, except if the image of the work is the main object of use or the image of a work is used for the purpose of deriving profit.
  2. It is allowed to freely use by way of reproduction and distribution of produced copies, transmission on air or through a cable, bringing to public knowledge in the form of images the works of architecture, town-planning and landscape arts located in a public place or visible from that place.

The FoP exceptions for works of architecture, urban development, and garden and landscape design, which were added under consultation with Wikimedia Russia, have taken effect with the Civil Code amendments as of October 1, 2014.

Concerning non-architectural artwork, there is still a copyright exception for non-commercial use, but non-commercial use only is not allowed on Commons and unfortunately, we don't have sufficient number of court decisions to clarify the situation.

• An important court decision states that the copying of a showcase photo is not a creation of a 3D-object in 2 dimensions. See discussion at Commons:Форум/Архив/2010#Судебное решение о фотографиях трёхмерных объектов.
• A recent court case (2019–21) regarding a Yekaterinburg sculpture used commercially by a postcard company concluded in the Supreme Court, which overturned the decisions of the lower courts and returned the case to the court of first instance that denied the sculptor's copyright infringement claim. The latter court ruled that the monument was only reproduced in one of the postcards in a set, making it not the main subject of the entire postcard set.

Before January 1 2008, freedom of panorama was regulated by the similar (but not the same) article 21 of Copyright Law of Russia.

Copyright protection expires 70 years after the death of the original author (who is defined as the creator or designer) here. On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 71st Year), freely licensed images of the author's 3D works such as sculptures, or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for states with no formal FOP since the author's works are now copyright free."

It is not clear if copyrighted buildings in Crimea are subject to the Russian or the more restrictive Ukrainian law. Following the Commons precautionary principle, images of knowingly unfree Crimean buildings should not be uploaded to Commons. See Commons:Village_pump/Copyright/Archive/2014/09#Buildings_in_Crimea. Nevertheless, photographic work created in Crimea before February 19, 1954 is the subject of the Russian law.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Pakistan

Pakisztán

  {{FoP-Pakistan}}

According to the Copyright Ordinance, 1962 as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance, 2000, "The following acts shall not constitute an infringement of copyright ... the making or publishing of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of a sculpture or other artistic work if such work is permanently situated in a public place or any premises to which the public has access.^{[XXXIV/2000 Section 57(s)]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Sri Lanka

Srí Lanka

   The prevailing Intellectual Property Act, No. 36 of 2003 does not provide any freedom of panorama clause. The exceptions at Section 11 only deal with U.S.-style "fair use" like criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.^{[36/2003 Section 11]}

The now-repealed Code of Intellectual Property Act, No. 52 of 1979 had a limited freedom of panorama for films and television broadcasts only, as long as the source and name of the author of the works of art and architecture "permanently located in a place where they can be viewed by the public" were mentioned in the films or television broadcasts.^{[52/1979 Section 13(d)]}

Sri Lankan copyright law was revised 2001–2003, dropping any direct reference to anything resembling "freedom of panorama". Still the legal right of the repealed law would not be compatible to Wikimedia Commons as it was for films and television broadcasts only, excluding photographs.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Saudi Arabia

Szaúd-Arábia

   {{NoFoP-Saudi Arabia}}

• The Copyright Law detailed in the Royal Decree No. M/41, 2 Rajab, 1424 (30.08.2003) and the Implementing Regulations contain no mention of freedom of panorama permitting commercial uses of photographs of architecture and public art still under their designers' copyrights.

• Even taking pictures of sites not covered by copyrights may be challenged, and photographers operating in Saudi Arabia have found it useful to carry a copy of a decree allowing taking pictures from public places. For purposes of Wikimedia Commons, such restrictions are non-copyright restrictions and image files that may show restricted sites can be kept, unless these show a recent work by architects or sculptors who are not yet dead for more than 50 years.

Note: "Copyright protection expires 50 years after the death of the original author (who may be the architect, sculptor, or muralist) of a public artistic work of Saudi Arabia. On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 51st Year), freely-licensed images of the author's sculptures, buildings, murals, or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for sovereign states with no formal FOP legal rights since the author's works are now copyright free."

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Singapore

Szingapúr

•   for 3D objects and some 2D objects = {{FoP-Singapore}}
•    for paintings, drawings, engravings, and photographs

Freedom of panorama is granted to several types of artistic works in public spaces by Section 265 of the Copyright Act 2021 (Act 22 of 2021). Subsection 1 of the section enumerates works eligible for the Singaporean freedom of panorama: buildings or models of buildings; sculptures situated "other than temporarily" in public spaces or "premises open to the public"; and works of artistic craftsmanship.

Subsection 2 allows publications of the aforementioned eligible works in paintings, drawings, photographs, engravings, films, and television broadcasts or cable programmes. With the exception of the last-mentioned type of representation, publications of such representations are only permitted if the representations are "made on or after 10 April 1987."^{[22/2021 Section 265(2)(b)(i) and (d)(i)]}

If the paintings, drawings, engravings, and photographs of buildings, permanent sculptures, and/or works of artistic craftsmanship were made before that date, the law permits publications if "the making would have been a permitted use under paragraph (a) if this Act had been in operation at the time of the making."^{[22/2021 Section 265(2)(b)(ii)]} Similar condition exists for films: "the making would have been a permitted use under paragraph (c) if this Act had been in operation at the time of the making."^{[22/2021 Section 265(2)(d)(ii)]} Paragraph (a) states the following permitted use: "making a painting, a drawing, an engraving or a photograph of the work." For paragraph (c), "including the work in a film." See also Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2021/10#Singapore New Copyright Act Gazetted.

Section 20(1)(a) of the copyright law provides definitions for artistic works:

• a painting, a sculpture, a drawing, an engraving or a photograph (whether the work is of artistic quality or not);^{[22/2021 Section 20(1)(a)(i)]}
• a building or a model of a building (whether the building or model is of artistic quality or not);^{[22/2021 Section 20(1)(a)(ii)]}
• a work of artistic craftsmanship to which neither sub-paragraph (i) nor (ii) applies^{[22/2021 Section 20(1)(a)(iii)]}

This means that the Singaporean freedom of panorama does not apply to two-dimensional works such as billboards, posters and paintings in a gallery, even if these are permanently displayed in a public place. It does include some 2D works that are works of artistic craftsmanship, such as textiles.

For artistic works that are not eligible for the Singaporean freedom of panorama, incidental inclusion is provided through Section 266 of the law, but only "in a film, television broadcast or cable programme," not photographs.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Syria

Szíria

  , {{NoFoP-Syria}}. Legislative Decree No. 62/2013 only allows broadcasting of images of works in public places.

• Without the permission of the author and without making any compensation, the author may transfer works of fine arts or applied works, or plastic or architectural works to the public through the materials of the broadcasting stations if such works are permanently present in public places.^{[62/2013 Art. 39]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Tajikistan

Tádzsikisztán

  . Under the the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to 2009), only incidental and non-commercial use is allowed:

• It is permitted without the consent of the author or other owner of the copyright rights and without payment of author's remuneration, to reproduce and broadcast by radio or cable for general information architecture works, photography and graphic arts which are permanently located in a public place, apart from cases where the work is the main subject, or where the image is used for commercial purposes.^{[2009 Article 21]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Thailand

Thaiföld

  {{FoP-Thailand}}

The Thai Copyright Act of B.E. 2537 (A.D. 1994) states that:

• A drawing, painting, construction, engraving, moulding, carving, lithographing, photographing, cinematographing, video broadcasting or any similar act of an artistic work, except an architectural work, which is openly located in a public place shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the artistic work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.37]}
• A drawing, painting, engraving, moulding, carving, lithographing, photographing, cinematographing or video broadcasting of an architectural work shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the architectural work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.38]}

For artistic works that are not situated in public spaces (not "openly located in a public place"), these can only be photographed freely if de minimis:

• A photograph or cinematograph or video broadcast of a work of which an artistic work is a component shall not be deemed an infringement of copyright in the artistic work.^{[2537/1994 Sec.39]}
• Note that artistic work as defined by Section 4 of the law does not include works of literature. On the other hand, architecture as defined in the same section includes "design of buildings or constructions, a design of interior or exterior decoration as well as a landscape design or a creation of a model of buildings or constructions." It can be interpreted that elegant bridges are works of architecture that fall under the freedom of panorama, through the element "constructions."

According to several Thai Wikimedians, the Thai text of Copyright Act B.E. 2537 (1994) gives a more comprehensive clause, containing permanence requirement. (Reference: Commons:Deletion requests/File:Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti poster for mother's milk.jpg)

See also: Category:Thai FOP cases.

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Türkiye

Törökország

  {{FoP-Turkey}} Under Law No. 5846 of December 5, 1951 (as amended up to decision no 2020/29 of Constitutional Court of Turkey on July 17, 2020),

• Works of fine arts permanently placed on public streets, avenues or squares may be reproduced by drawings, graphics, photographs and the like, distributed, shown by projection in public premises or broadcast by radio or similar means. For architectural works, this freedom is only valid for the exterior form.^{[5846/1951 Article 40]}
• Works of fine arts are the following works, which have aesthetic value: Oil paintings or water colors, all types of drawings, patterns, pastels, engravings, artistic scripts and gildings, works drawn or fixed on metal, stone, wood or other material by engraving, carving, ornamental inlay or similar methods, calligraphy, silk screen printing; Sculptures, reliefs and carvings; Architectural works; Handicraft and minor works of art, miniatures and works of ornamentation, textiles, fashion designs; Photographic works and slides; Graphic works; Cartoons; All kinds of personifications.^{[5846/1951 Article 4]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Turkmenistan

Türkmenisztán

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Uzbekistan

Üzbegisztán

  : Only incidental reproduction for non-commercial purposes is allowed.

The law allows without consent of the author or other legal owner, and without payment of remuneration the reproduction, on-air transmission or cable transmission of architectural works, photos, visual art works that are permanently located in a place open for free attendance. This rule does not extend to cases when the representation of work is the basic subject of such reproduction, on-air transmission or cable transmission, as well as in case, when the representation of work is used for commercial purpose.^{[LRU-476/2018 Article 28]}

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Vietnam

Vietnám

  : all uploaded photographs of architectural and artistic works in public spaces from Vietnam, uploaded on Wikimedia Commons from 1 January 2023 onwards. Law No. 07/2022/QH15 which considerably amended the copyright law was passed on 16 June 2022, with the amendments coming into effect on 1 January 2023 (ASEAN briefing article, the text of the law in Vietnamese). The amendment added a non-commercial restriction to the Vietnamese freedom of panorama, but non-commercial licenses are not acceptable on Wikimedia Commons: To take photograph or televise the art work, architectural, photographic, applied-art works displayed at public places for the purpose of presenting images of these works and not for commercial purposes^{[07/2022 Article 25.1(h)]}. Decree No. 17/2023/ND-CP explained "works of art" are works which are expressed by lines, color, shapes, composition, including: Paintings (paintings of lacquer, oil paint, powder, water color, dó paper, and other materials); graphics (wood engravings, metal engravings, rubber engravings, plaster engravings, unique prints, rock prints, propaganda paintings, graphic design, and other materials); sculpture (statues, monuments, relief, memorials, symbolic blocks); installation arts and other forms of contemporary art^{[Decree No. 17/2023 Article 6.7]}. Works of art, sculpture, installation art, and other forms of contemporary art exist as unique copies; works of graphic art can be depicted to the 50th iteration which must be numbered and signed by the authors^{[Decree No. 17/2023 Article 6.7]}. "Works of applied art" are works expressed by lines, color, shapes, and compositions with useful functions, potentially associated with a useful item, and manufactured manually or industrially and include: Graphic design (presentation of product logos, identity, and packaging; presentation of characters); fashion design; aesthetic design associated with forming products; aesthetic interior design, interior and exterior decoration^{[Decree No. 17/2023 Article 6.8]}. Works of applied art are expressed by aesthetic shaping of products, cannot be easily created by persons with average understanding in respective field, and do not require aesthetic exterior in order to function^{[Decree No. 17/2023 Article 6.8]}. Applicable template: {{NoFoP-Vietnam}}

• Note, valid from 1 January 2023 onwards: "Copyright protection expires 50 years after the death of the original author (who may be the architect, sculptor, or artist of applied art) of a public artistic work of Vietnam. On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 51st Year), freely-licensed images of the author's sculptures, buildings, applied arts, or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The lack of commercial Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for sovereign states with no formal FOP legal rights since the author's works are now copyright free."

 : photographs and television broadcasts of plastic arts (sculptures, ceramics etc.), architecture, photographs, iparművészet (pottery, furniture etc.) displayed at public places, uploaded on Wikimedia Commons until 31 December 2022. The new amendments are not retroactive. Applicable template: {{FoP-Vietnam}}

Examples of "plastic art" are finearts, graphic arts, sculpture, installation arts and similar forms of presentation, which are available in unique copies. Particularly, a work of graphic art may be presented in as many as 50 copies which are ordinarily numbered and bear the author’s signature.^{[Decree No. 22/2018 Article 13.1]} Examples of "applied art" are graphic designs (expression of logo, identification system and packaging labels), fashion designs, product designs, interior design and decoration.^{[Decree No. 22/2018 Article 13.2]} Under Law No. 50/2005/QH11 of November 29, 2005 amended by Law No. 36/2009/QH12 of June 19, 2009, "Use of published works in which permission and payment of royalties or remunerations are not required includes ... Photographing or televising of plastic art, architectural, photographic, applied-art works displayed at public places for the purpose of presenting images of these works."^{[36/2009 Article 25.1(h)]}

• See Commons:Village pump/Archive/2022/10#Updated copyright law of Vietnam and no more FOP? for more information on newly-restricted freedom of panorama in Vietnam. See also this discussion on Vietnamese Wikipedia.

Korlátozott elismerés

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Abkhazia

Abházia

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP South Ossetia

Dél-Oszétia

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Northern Cyprus

Észak-Ciprus

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP 中華民國

Template:中華民國

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP فلسطين / Palestine

Template:فلسطين / Palestine

Egyéb területek

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Akrotíri és Dekélia

Nincs adat

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP British Indian Ocean Territory

Brit Indiai-óceáni Terület

További információ: Commons:Szerzői jogi szabályok területenként/Egyesült Királyság#FOP

Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Hong Kong

Hongkong

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Szöveg beillesztve innen:
COM:FOP Macau

Makaó

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partly located in Asia

Panoráma szabadsága
Afrika‌Amerika‌Ázsia‌Európa‌Ausztrália és Óceánia‌Others

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