Identifier: historyofearthqu00aitk (find matches)
Title: A history of the earthquake and fire in San Francisco; an account of the disaster of April 18, 1906 and its immediate results
Year: 1906 (1900s)
Authors: Aitken, Frank W Hilton, Edward
Subjects: Earthquakes -- California San Francisco
Publisher: San Francisco, The E. Hilton Co.
Contributing Library: New York Public Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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lows: Founda-tions should be made of ample strength, and should as faras possible be in one piece, rather than in separate pieces.On made land or soft soil of any sort, foundations forheavy buildings should be deep. Superstructures should be well fastened to founda-tions, and should be thoroughly braced. Frame structuresshould have the wall studding well braced, diagonally.Brick walls should be laid in cement mortar and shouldbe held and braced together by the joists and by earth-quake rods, well anchored. Parapet walls and gable-endsshould be securely braced. Copings and cornices shouldbe of light material. Brick and stone should in all casesbe well bonded, and facing courses never laid as a veneer. With proper attention to these well known require-ments San Francisco buildings should be immune fromdamage by any ordinary shock. The lessons of the fire are likewise more importantthan novel; they, too, call attention to what was wellknown before as to protection against ordinary fires.
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Photos by llaters and Dcrleth Bullock and Jones, and Monadnock Buildings APPENDIX 281 That certain materials break down under fire influenceand have to be extensively repaired, or replaced, wasshown clearly, it was demonstrated, for instance, thatstone of various sorts (including the marble of interiorfinish and stair treads), elaborately modeled hollow terracotta (where severely tested) and ornamental iron work,are destroyed by a severe fire; that terra cotta tile floorarches and blocks of the same material used for partitionsand for protecting steel work have to be replaced to alarge extent; and cement on wire almost wholly; and thatthe steelwork itself sustains serious injury wherever suchfireproofing fails. In connection with the possible spread of a fire, andthe risk of conflagration, the following m.ay be noted: Ordinary brick-walled buildings offer almost no resis-tance to the spreading of a fire; and that even the mostnearly fireproof buildings have many serious defects asfar

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