Identifier: manualofhumanphy01land (find matches)
Title: A manual of human physiology, including histology and microscopical anatomy, with special reference to the requirements of practical medicine
Year: 1885 (1880s)
Authors: Landois, L. (Leonard), 1837-1902 Stirling, William, 1851-1932
Subjects: Physiology Histology
Publisher: Philadelphia, P. Blakiston, Son, and Company
Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library

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num at the insertion of the sixth rib, runs underthe right nipple, nearly parallel to the tipper border of the sixth rib,and descends a little in the axillary line, to the upper margin of theseventh rib. On the left side (apart from the position of the heart), thelower limit reaches as far down anteriorly as the right. In Fig. 109the line, a, t, I, shows the lowest limit of the passive lungs. Posteriorly, LIMITS OF THE LUNGS. 243 both lungs reach as far down as the tenth rib. During the deepestinspiration, the lungs descend anteriorly as far as between the sixth andseventh ribs, and posteriorly to the eleventh rib—whereby thediaphragm is separated from the thoracic ^wall (Fig. 105). During thedeepest expiration, the lower margins of the lungs are elevated almostas much as they descend during inspiration. In Fig. 109, m, n, indicatesthe margin of the right lung during deep inspiration; h, I, during deepexpiration. It is important to observe the relation of the margin of the left lung
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Fig. 109. Topography of the lungs and heart during inspiration and expiration (v. Dusch)—h, I, upward limit of margin of lung during deepest expiration; m, n, lowerlimit during deepest inspiration; I, t, t, triangular area where the heart isuncovered by lung, dull percussion sound; d, d, d, muffled percussionsound; i, i, anterior margin of left lung reaches this line during deep inspira-tion, and during deep expiration it recedes as far as e, e. to the heart. In Fig. 109, a somewhat triangular space, reaching fromthe middle of the point of insertion of the fourth rib to the sixth rib onthe left side of the sternum, is indicated. In the passive chest, the heartlies in contact with the thoracic wall in this triangular area. This areais represented by the triangle, t, t, t, and percussion over it gives adull sound (superficial dulness). In the area of the larger triangle, d, d, d, where the heart is 244 PATHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF THE PERCUSSION SOUNDS. separated from the chest-wall by

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