Identifier: architectenginee11534sanf (find matches)
Title: Architect and engineer
Year: 1905 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Architecture Architecture Architecture Building
Publisher: San Francisco : Architect and Engineer, Inc
Contributing Library: San Francisco Public Library
Digitizing Sponsor: San Francisco Public Library

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ers of brickwork however, often departedfrom accepted masonry standards andwere replete with lessons on inadequatebond. Longitudinal movements of walls,also actuated by the sway of interiorframes, caused serious ruptures at build-ing corners. These breaks often exposedlines of weakness produced in the wall byleader pipe chases and often by windowopenings. Such breaks gave clear indica-tion of the need for steel reinforcementaround all masonry corners, particularlyat floor and roof levels and at the headand sill lines of windows. Remedies RecommendedOf first importance toward a control ofearthquake forces appears the construc-tion of rigid building frames. While alimited flexture in first story columns isadvocated as necessary for certain typesof buildings, great damage has often re-sulted where inadequate restraint againsthorizontal movement permitted a distortionof the building frame. This was particu-larly prevalent in masonry buildings hav-ing wood frame interiors. For such a type.
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TYPICALJOI3T AMCHORAGE (-; triOti ,,, ^^ —1—1—1 ,.,1 ...-i.. -1 r -r.■ 1 ^ 1 H \, *— ^ -tH ■■■■■ A, ■■■ ^ MODIFIED •JOI^T AMCHORAeE. THE ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER ^ 37 ► OCTOBER, NINETEEN THIRTY-THREE diagonal bracing should be provided in thefloor and roof systems in addition to athorough bracing of all stud partitions. Tothis end. steel strap tension ties could prob-ably be made more effectual than the cus-tomary, cut in. braces of wood. Secure anchorage, provided at all criti-cal points, should be designed to promoterigidity in the structure and be capable ofpreventing a separation or other indepen-dent movement between parts. Columnsteel or other vertical reinforcement shouldcontinue to the top of masonry parapetwalls and tie in with horizontal rods laidin wall copings or in the top mortar jointsof masonry. The height of parapets couldwell be lowered to a compromise betweenfire and earthquake requirements. Caststone and other superficial ornament, whenco

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