Title: Breeder and sportsman
Identifier: breedersportsma351899sanf (find matches)
Year: 1882 (1880s)
Authors:
Subjects: Horses
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : (s. n. )
Contributing Library: San Francisco Public Library
Digitizing Sponsor: California State Library Califa/LSTA Grant

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oxy 8, 18991 ©ir* gveebsv emir grp&cismcctu 29 THE FARM. To Start a Poultry Farm. Polled Durham Cattle. An inquiry was made at the office of the air will be the more perfectly excluded. Be- cause of this, it has been found that in deep silos ensilage usually keeps better than in Bbeeder and Sportsman lately as to those which lack depth The first thing to be considered in starting poultry farm is the site. This should be, if ossible on> nice slope; if the ground is level should be drained. The question of soil is an important one ad should be considered. Some people think iny kind of land will do." There is a little uth in this, bu*, not the whole truth. Grass ,nd is the best, providing there ie sofEcient ,rainage,BO that it will not remain damp after dn The best soils are gravel or sand; sand i the best as it keep3 clean longer. Sandy il after every shower looks clean, through ie rain washing the droppings into the sand. n clayey or sticky .soils the droppings re- iainontopand are damp for several days Iter rain. With stiff, clayey soil poultry ilture is a difficult tass; with sandy soil we f e more likely to be successful, for after a 11 of rain all impurities are carried off and e air seldom becomes foul. If the poultry breeder raises his stack on t ff, clayey soil he will be compelled to dig id turn over his yards every season; on the her hand sandy soils will not be required to turned over so often. If the yards of pens â uve a good coating of tjrass and the rain be tir most of the dropping3 will be used by the i asa after rain has dissolved it and washed it I wd to the roots of the grass. As to the amount of land needed, it is just at area that can be taken care of and no ?re. In beginning a poultry farm it is al- iys best to own the land or make arrange- JLnta for a long lease. It is a mistake to at a farm from month to month or quarter k quarter, for no person cares to erect build- i?s, pens, yardB, etc., on the land that he i ght be asked to leave iast when he had got Lery thing into working order, (After securing the land the first item is â uses. These can be built neat without he- ft r costly, and should be erected in such a tinner as to be comfortable and warm daring I j winter months. I The most important part of a poultry house fethe floor; if this be not properly made, no titer how well the rest of the house is con- E ucted, it cannot be suitable. A damp floor tans a damp house. The floor should be tsed fully ten inches above tbe yard or out- he ground. A good plan when the house is « cted is to fill the house inside with broken enes, gravel or cinders to a depth of five or a inches, then three or four inches of good el clay on top, well rammed down and s ded on top. Cement or asphalt makes a fcter and neater floor; still, the earth floor, fade as I have said, of broken stones, etc., II suit just as well, besideB being cheaper. \i poultry houses should be perfectly rain- p of, so that the floor will always be dry; if n , the atmosphere of the house can never bpure and healthy. Cleanliness in the house means everything. la house should be thoroughly cleaned at " li it once a week; two or three times a week, o course, would be better. Always remem- " b that keeping your poultry house clean mns perfect health for your fowls and a b *er profit at the end of the year. The t.ses should be lime-washed every spriDg; ' a ttle carbolic acid mixed with the wash is d Lh to all lice and acts as a disinfectant, n all poultry houses it is necessary to have 0 large door for the exit of the fowls. The p lion of this will depend greatly on how tl house is Bituated. It is best to have the d. r where the inmates will not be unduly v: e; osed to cold or draft, for if put on the !. wd or cold side of the building it will be : h lly possible to keep the fowls comfortable. F example, in some districts the west or - n« hwest winds are most troublesome and it ('. is iarly impossible to maintain the comfort 01 ie fowls if the doorway faces these trouble- sc b winds. It iB a good plan to have an * o\\ weather or scratching shed built adjoiu- " in the covering or protecting the doorway.â B tam, in Farm and Dairy. whether there were any cattle of the Polled Durham breed in tbis State. As far aB we know there are none in California, though in the Mississippi valley are quite a large num- ber of breeders who raise them. It is said that the originator of the breed was Oakwood Gwynne 4th, a registered 8horthorn cow owned in Minnesota. This cow had small and imperfect horns and she produced twin heifers that had perfect polled heads. These twins were recorded as Nelly and Molly Gwynne, and from them has come the stock which produced the Polled Dnrhams. There are some Polled Durhams, so-called, which originated from the native muley cow and which are really high grade; because they have a large per cent, of Shorthorn blood, they are accepted in the Polled Durham herd book, but not in the Shorthorn herd book. The only noticeable difference between the pure Shorthorn and Polled Shorthorn is that the latter are naturally hornless; in (act, there has been no other breed mixed with them. Th3 Rural New Yorker recently published letters from several experts on the Polled Durham breed, from which the following paragraphs are taken: Mr. 0. C. Halstead, Rensselaer, Jnd., says there are several families of Polled Durhams, some of which are pure Shorthorns that are naturally hornless. None are admitted to register if they have other than Shorthorn blood, exeept it may be, the native muley blood. Polls caused by crossing on the Red Poll or the Black Scotch cattle would not be accepted. The polled Durhams are a beef breed, and have the docile habits qf the Short, horn. For this reason Mr. Halstead pre- fers them to any other polled breed. Mr. John Baker, of Plymouth, Ind., says that mo3t of the Polled Durhams were bred from the common muley cow and the Short- horn ball. Hornless heifers were saved and bred back to the Shorthorn until the calveB contained 90 per cent, of Shorthorn blood. With this per cent, of the blood they can be registered, Mr. Baker says that about 90 per cent, of the calves come hornless, and he con- siders them superior to the Red Polls or the Black Scotch cattle. By breeding the horn- less bulls to Shorthorn cows the calves can be recorded at one year old provided they are hornless. The pure Shorthorns without horns which were descended from the Minne- sota cow, Oakwood Gwynne, are called the Polled Shorthorn or double standard, as they may be recorded in both herd books. Double standard cattle are, of course, preferable to the other, although for practical purposes the Polled Durhams are about as useful. One great advantage with these cattle Is the fact that they can be crossed with the Shorthorns, and produce high grades with the Shorthorn marks and not prodace a mongrel, too often the case when the other polled breeds are used. Mr. L. E Jones, of Rob Roy, Ind.. sayB that in the single standard Polled DurhamB, about 80 per cent of the calves will be polls, and a larger per cent in each succeeding cross. He has no fault to find with either Red or Black Polled cattle, but as compared with the Black Polls, the Polled Durhams are equal to them in beef quality and superior for milk. They are equal to Red Polls as milkers and enperior for beef. He thinks that the double standard Polled Durham, being a pure Short- horn without borns, will make the ideal gen- eral purpose cow, and he considers that this is the coming breed. In feeding out the food, which should be done from the top downward, there is much less surface exposed in a narrow and deep silo and consequently much less Iobs of food by exposure to the air. The walls of the silo must be sach that practically they will not yield laterally. The pressure of the green food on the walls of a deep silo is usually very great, until the food has ceased to settle down any further; and if the sides of th 6ilo are pushed outward, openings are made for the admittance of air. The walls of the silo should be smooth. If they are not smooth, the ensilage will not settle so fast- around the wall as in the centre, and in con- sequence more or less air will be admitted* The round silo has some advantages over the square one. The food se'.tles into it more evenly and it is more economical of space. A silo need not be expensive, bat in the end advantages to be secured by risking one'B own calves, for they can be brought ap last as one wishes and they can be handled and kept do- cile so they wiil grow up perfectly kind and gentle aad develop into cowb that it will be a pleasure to care for, feed and milk. Vicious cows are osually made bo through Bome fault at the time the animal is a calf or heifer, and once an evil habit is fixed in a young animal it becomes almost impossible to eradicate it. The moral of this obviously is, that all pains should be taken to bring the calf up so it will make a fine cow in disposition as well as per- formance. What Bhall we feed tbe calf upon? We think it better to take it away from the cow as soon as it is dropped, it will then learn to drink freely from the pail. For at least a week give the calf it's dam's milk freely dre.wn, next skim milk may take tbe place of whole, together with a little flaxseed jelly to take the place of the cream that has been removed. Always see that the calf's meal is blood warm or of tbe same temperature of milk just drawn from tbe cow's adder, j it will pay to look well to the foundation. I would not turn the calf out to pasture the Of courBe silo3 can be bailt by using wood j first year. I think it better to keep it in a sills tank into the ground far enough to ex' elude the air, bat they will in time decay. It is usually thought better to take some pains with the foundation, that is to say, to build a stone wall which will come up above the sur- face of the ground, and on this to lay plank Bills. The planks are kept in place by bolts standing upright in the stone wall at suitable intervals. The frame of the silo may consist entirely of scantling. The size of the same and the nearness of the studs to one another will depend, first, on the height of the wall; and second, on the size of the silo. The pressure will increase with the heighth and width of the silo, and consequently the strength of the walls should also be increased- Scantlings 2x6 are frequently used, and eigh- teen inche3 between the studs is a disttnee frequently fixed upon. The studs may be toenailed to the sides and they should be well braced. The sills, studs and plates may be of the same material. The inner lining consists, first, of rough inch boards. Over these tar paper is placed, and over the tar paper a second tier of boards planed on the inside. If the silo is in a building, the character of the climate will determine whether any outer lining is wanted or not. (Vhen it is necessary to keep out frost, tar paper may be put on the studs outside, aud over it one tier of boards. shady place and gradually teach it to eat grain and cut grass- A calf in a sunburnt, fly-ridden pasture is a deplorable sight. Selecting Breeding Sheep. Spring Dairy Calves. Points in Building a Silo. ock cattle were selling in San Benito cd ity last week at Â¥9 per head for calves, %\ for yearlings, and $27.50 for two-year-olds. I want to impress the fact upon every dairy- man that he certainly should raise all his likely looking heifer cows this spring. In fact, he should always keep the heifer calves that are good blood and are promising, sayB Prairie Farmer." The idea that a farmer can buy cows cheaper than he can raise them is a very pernicious fallacy which should be forsaken, for the fact is only the best cows will give the profit, and while plenty of common ordinary cows may be for sale cheap yet there are few really extra cows for sale at any price, for the farmer does not care to sell a superior dairy animal, he wants to keep them himBelf. But every farmer can raise a few calves every season from his best Btock. The coat will not be large aud he can depend upon it that the average quality of the cows so produced will prove far superior to the average cowa he can pick up on the market. Have a good bull and save the cows from same out of your best cowb and your herd will steadily imp rove. Then, too, thereare many First, let there be pronounced masculinity the male and feminity in the female. Sheep should be neither sexless nor character- less. They should bear the stamp and charac - ter of the breed thty represent. This breed character is a mark of good blood and it should be manifest in no unmistakable man- ner. The Bire should be impressive, resolute and of noble bearing. He should be distinctly the head of the flick in every sense of the word. To meet these requirements he must have good constitutional and vital powers. Without these no animal is fit to head a herd or dock. In selecting a sire look first at the head. If deficient there look no further but reject at once. Insist upon a head that faces you boldly with a wide face, a clear promi- nent eye, and a robu9t character throughout. Tbe bead should be joined to a well-filled, round, muscular neck, wide at the poll aud back of the ears and gradually enlarging iu all lines to a strong, full junction at the shoulder, as seen from top, side or bottom. This Bhould be accompanied by a wide chest, a prominent, well-filled brisket, and a fall heart girth, giving straight, even lines from the shoulders back. A depression either in front of or behind the shoulder, whether at the top, side or bottom line is an indication of weakness. The back should be strong, wide and well meated from shoulder point to tail. The hind quarters should be full and well let down in the leg and flank in order to yield well of high-priced meat. The legs should be placed wide apart and stand straight. Sickle-shaped hocks and weak, sloping pas- terns afford sufficient reason for condemning an otherwise good sheep. WANTED. Position as Superintendent of a Vineyard. Fruit Ranch or Stock Farm by a man thoroughly compe- tent to manage any branch of the business, and who has had many years of experience in California. Best of references as to ability and integrity. Address SUPERINTENDENT, Care Of BREEDER AND SPORTSMAN. Id building a ailo a few important prin- ciples should be born in mind. The en- closure must be practically air-tight on the sides and bottom, or the air coming in from any direction will cause the ensilage to spoil. It cannot penetrate the ensilage from above to any great distance, owiDg to tbe great weight of tbe green food settling upon itself. The aim should be to secure as much depth as possible in the silo. It is clear that the greater the deptb, the more will be the pressure of the food upon itself, and consequently the NAPA 50DA MINERAL WATER THE FINEST TABLE WATER A51ERICA. Bottled in its NATURAL own Gas
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PURE SPARKLING For Sale in Half-Pints, and Quarts. Q. H. T. JACKSON, 147 New Montgomery St., S. F.

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