File:Bronze Age flat axehead (FindID 1024893).jpg
Original file (5,196 × 6,010 pixels, file size: 6.52 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
editBronze Age flat axehead | |||
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Photographer |
The Portable Antiquities Scheme, Lucy Shipley, 2021-04-07 11:29:48 |
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Title |
Bronze Age flat axehead |
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Description |
English: A copper alloy flat axehead of Needham Class 4, dating to the Early Bronze Age period, c. 1900-1700 BC.
The axehead is lenticular in profile, with slightly flattened edges, and a broadly flaring cutting edge. It is comparatively small with a markedly slender butt, which nonetheless thickens at the septum. This is possibly a proto-stop ridge, as there is a particular horizontal thickening in this area. Both faces show signs of pitting, with some circular areas a deeper green than the consistently dark green surface elsewhere. There is a shallow U-shaped depression in the cutting edge which may have occurred during use. Similar examples, albeit with a slightly longer butt, include SOM-90B762 (from the south west), KENT-A2BA81 and NMGW-084887, the latter of which has slightly more exaggerated bevelling. DEV-987893 is a further local fragmentary example. The record for SOM-90B762 provides an extended interpretation: This is a low flanged axe of Early Bronze Age date. The lack of developed stop ridge suggests it most likely dates to the later stages of the Early Bronze Age. Needham (1983, 2017) has produced a typology of Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age flat and flanged axeheads that defines them based on the ratios of their physical form (Needham 2017, 4, Table 1). This axe meets all the criteria for a Type 4e Axehead and most closely corresponds to a Type 4E Withington form (Needham, 2017, 27-29, 55-56). Needham places the date of this type of axe to between the 20th and 18th centuries cal BC c. 1900-1700 cal BC (ibid 45, fig 16). Measurements: 66.3mm length, 19.4mm width (butt), 39.2mm width (blade), 5.3mm thickness (butt), 8.9mm thickness (proto-stop), 1.9mm thickness (blade edge), weight 68.7g. |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Devon | ||
Date | between 1900 BC and 1700 BC | ||
Accession number |
FindIdentifier: 1024893 |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/1140607 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/1140607/recordtype/artefacts archive copy at the Wayback Machine Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1024893 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution License |
Object location | 50° 43′ 27.48″ N, 2° 59′ 54.92″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 50.724300; -2.998590 |
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Licensing
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 11:39, 15 April 2021 | 5,196 × 6,010 (6.52 MB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, DEV (slurp), FindID: 1024893-1140607, bronze age, page 13, batch count 263 |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON |
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Camera model | COOLPIX B700 |
Exposure time | 1/30 sec (0.033333333333333) |
F-number | f/7.6 |
ISO speed rating | 180 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:25, 1 April 2021 |
Lens focal length | 10.7 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS4 Windows |
File change date and time | 11:27, 7 April 2021 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:25, 1 April 2021 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 2 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.4 APEX (f/3.25) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 60 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 5,196 px |
Image height | 6,010 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 12:27, 7 April 2021 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:6BC91FC98297EB11906386347D5C3ABA |