Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11penx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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202 BASSWOOD. Tilia americana, Linnaeus. FAMILY AND GENUS DESCRIPTION-The Linden family. Tiliaceae, comprises about Michaux's Basswood (Tilla Michauxli Nutt.) is very rare in this State. Its ^^^^^ J^^^ J^^ LX pubescent and grayish-green beneath and its floral bracts "«"«"y .JJ^^f f^^f ,*f, base are distinctive. The baric of the branches is usually smoother and lighter than that of the 2 other native species. rORM-A large tree usually attaining a height of 60-70 "•^.^"* ^*y,,;:j^%::,^.f^,^Lf 120 ft. with a diameter of 4i feet. Trunk straight, clean, with little taper. (roxNU rt. nse. broad, rather deep, ovoid or rounded. BARK-On old trunks firm but easily out. thick, longitudinally-furrowed Into flat scaly ridgeri^^dges often divided by transverse .eeondary furrows. On young stems dark gray and smooth. See Fig. 79. TWIGS-Smooth or very finely hairy, shining:, bright red; second year olive, olive-red, or ^H witra irriv skin- usually zigzag, lough, mucilaginous if chewed, covered with s^Itt^'ed. dark! ^Mong lenticr 'in c'ross-'.ection. characteristic blunt conical masses with intervening lighter colored areas are present. BUDS-Mternate: terminal bud absent; ovoid. 2-ranked, stout, often ^«'"^"t ««*out June. Perfect, regular, sweet, fragrant, y^^f^'^^.^i^""' ^^"^^ 1° drooiling cymose clusters. The long peduncle which bears the flowers is united for about half its length with a conspicuous green bract. FRTTIT-A woody, spherical, nut-like drupe about the size of a pea. Occurs singly or in sniallcluster.s with a common stalk attached to a leafy bract and often persisting far into winter. WOOD-Diffuse-porous; rays distinct, but colorless; light, soft, compact, moderately strong light b^n to nearly white, fine in texture; little difference between spring wood and summer wood Weighs 28.20 lbs. per cubic foot. Used in the manufacture of paper-pulp, wooden- ware! cheap furniture, panels for carriages, kegs, pails, barrel headings, berry boxes. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS—The Basswood. also known as Linden, Lime-tree, Whitewood Beetree. Whistle-wood, and Lynn, may be distinguished by its large, firm un- rananyTa ed leaves with green and smooth lower surfaces, by its smooth bright red twigs, l^r i /'.Iternate deep red. unsvminetrical buds with 2-3 visil.le scales, by its white flowers arranged in drooping clusters attached to a green bract, and by its woody spherical nut-like dripe about the size of a pea attached to winged bracts. The dark funnel-shaped areas in he inner bark alternating with lighter areas as seen In a cross-section of a twig are characteristic. Sie B"Il)otli dark gra^ bark of younger stems and the thick longitudinally-furrowed bark on older trunks are distinguishing features. RANGE—New Brunswick to Manitoba, southward to Georgia and eastern Texas. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA—Common in the eastern and southeastern parts of the State. Rare in the mountainous parts except in rich valleys. Locally abundant in the western part. HABITAT—Rarely grows in pure stands, but usually mixed with other hardwoods. Prefers rich soils in bottomlands. It can endure considerable shade. It suffers little from windfall but occasionally from windbreak upon exposed situations. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES—This tree -is; one of our important timber trees on ac- count of the valuable wood and the bark which it produces. Seeds or seedlings may be , planted. If seedlings are used, they should be planted early in spring before growth starts. The tree sprouts from stump very freely (Fig. 79). It grows rapidly, produces beautiful sweet smelling flowers, and is rarely attacked by fungi. It is one of our most attractive ornamental trees.
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PLATE CXIV. BASSWOOD. 1 A flowering branch with mature leaves, x I. 2. LongitudiSIl section of a flower, slightly en- larged. , ^ , 3. A fruiting branch, x i. 4. A winter twig, x i. 5. Section of a winter twig, enlarged. 6 A leaf-scar with bundle-scars, enlarged. lit

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