Identifier: examinationofu00saxe (find matches)
Title: Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners
Year: 1909 (1900s)
Authors: Saxe, George Alexander De Santos, 1876-1911
Subjects: Urine
Publisher: Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders Company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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Fig. 65.—Blood-casts, composed wholly of red or white corpuscles, orhyaline substance covered with blood-corpuscle. cases of great congestion in which the lining of the tubulesis thrown off unchanged. Blood-casts.—These casts consist of a hyaline or granu-lar base, covered with red blood-cells or of cylinders ofcoagulated blood (fibers) with imbedded blood-cells.The occurrence of blood-casts indicates a hemorrhageinto the tubules. According to the length of time whichthese casts have remained in the tubules, the blood-cellson them may be normal or abnormal (see p. 275). CASTS 307 Blood-casts are found in the renal hematuria due totuberculosis, stone, tumor, etc.; in acute nephritis, acutecongestion, and hemorrhagic infarcts of the kidney.Their presence simply shows the existence of renal hemor-rhage, and not necessarily of renal disease. Fatty casts are cylinders which are thickly studdedwith fat-droplets and granules. The term does not apply
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Fig. 66.—Fatty casts (after Peyer). to hyaline or granular casts which show one or two oil-globules. They occur in short, highly refracting cylinders,and may show bristling, needle-like hair or crystals of fattyacids. The minute fat-drops are highly glistening, andshould not be confounded with granules, which have aduller luster. 308 EXAMINATION OF THE URINE These casts were first discovered by Knoll, and areusual in protracted cases of chronic nephritis with atendency to fatty degeneration of the kidney. Fatty de-generation, it must be remembered, shows an advancedstage of alteration in the renal cell. Fatty casts are alsofound in the fatty stage of acute nephritis, and occasion-ally in severe renal congestions. Pus-casts are hyaline or granular cylinders coveredwith pus-cells or leukocytes. They are often confoundedwith epithelial casts because the pus-cells are often so

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