Identifier: 61410640R.nlm.nih.gov
Title: First book on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : for grammar schools and families
Year: 1849 (1840s)
Authors: Cutter, Calvin, 1807-1873? Cutter, Calvin, 1807-1873?. First book on anatomy and physiology
Subjects: Hygiene Anatomy Physiological Phenomena
Publisher: Boston : Mussey
Contributing Library: U.S. National Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons, U.S. National Library of Medicine

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Cartilage of the tibia. 12, Thecartilage of the femur. * * * *, The synovial membrane. 46. Cartilage is a smooth, solid, elastic substance, thatcovers the ends of the bones that form a joint. It preventsthe ends of the bones from wearing off, and also diminishesthe jar that the joint receives, in walking or leaping. 43. How can the animal matter be shown? 41. The earthy ? 4.5—48. De-scribe the parts that form a joint. 45. What is said of the joints ? Of whatare they composed ? What is represented by fig. 11 ? Fig. 12 ? 46. Definecartilage. What is its use ? 20 ANATOMY, nrVSIOLOGY, AND HYGIENE. 47. The synovial membrane is a thin, membranous layer,which covers the cartilages, and is thence bent back, or reflectedupon the inner surfaces of the ligaments which surround andenter into the composition of the joints. This membraneforms a closed sac. (Fig. 11.) 48. The ligaments are strong, inelastic substances; theyserve to connect and bind together the bones of the body. Fig. 13. Fig. 14.
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Fig. 13. 8, 9, The ligaments that extend from the hip-bone (6) to the thigh-bone, (5.) Fig. 14. 2, 3, The ligaments that extend from the collar-bone (1) to the shoulder-blade, (4.) The ligaments 5, 6, extend from the shoulder-blade to the first boneof the arm. Observation. The joints of the domestic animals, are similarin their construction to those of man. To illustrate this part ofthe body, a fresh joint of the calf or sheep may be used. 47. Define synovial membrane. 48. What are ligaments ? What istheir use? What is represented by fig. 13 ? Fig. 14 ? How can the struc-ture of the joints be illustrated ? PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BONES. 21 CHAPTER IV. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BONES. 49. The bones are the framework of the body. They sup-port all the soft parts, as the flesh and vessels, and likewiseafford a firm surface for the attachment of the ligaments. 50. The use of the various bones is different. Some protectorgans, as those of the skull and chest, while others are usedwhen we move, as those

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