Identifier: forestphysiograp01bowm (find matches)
Title: Forest physiography; physiography of the United States and principles of soils in relation to forestry
Year: 1911 (1910s)
Authors: Bowman, Isaiah, 1878-1950
Subjects: Physical geography Forests and forestry Soils
Publisher: New York, J. Wiley & sons (etc., etc.)
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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uthern border of the lowland is thefrayed northern border of the Appalachian Plateaus. Spurs from 10 to20 miles long, from 2 to 5 or more miles wide, and from 100 to 500 feethigh extend north on the interfluves between the deep narrow valleyswhose floors are occupied by lakes. The border is maintained definitelybecause of a capping layer of hard sandstone. The central lowland isdeveloped upon the Salina and Hudson River shales and other softformations. Formerly the strata extended farther north, overlappingand wrapping about the Adirondack old-land. When first uplifted abovethe sea the sediments formed a simple coastal plain. In time this plainwas dissected, and since the soft formations weathered more rapidly, 1 R. S. Tarr, Decline of Farming in Southern-Central New York, Bull. Am. Geog. Soc, vol.41, 1909, pp. 270-278. 707 7o8 FOREST PHYSIOGRAPHY they were worn to a lowland, while the hard formations stood in relief.Similar features extend westward across Ontario and through northern
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LAKE Fig. 284. — Physiographic belts in central New York. Heavy dotted line is on the divide. Figuresrepresent elevations above sea level. (Modified from Fairchild.) Michigan and eastern Wisconsin, as shown in Plate V. They representan old coastal plain so eroded as to present both its structure and itsrelief in rudely parallel belts, hence an ancient belted coastal plain. LOWLAND OF CENTRAL NEW YORK 709 The upper Susquehanna still pursues a consequent course; the Mohawkis a subsequent stream, while the normal courses of most of the streamsfarther west have been modified by glaciation. In such a descriptionLake Ontario and Georgian Bay lie upon the inner lowland, Lakes Erieand Michigan upon the outer lowland of the plain. In western NewYork the plain is a double depression separated by the Niagara escarp-ment which dies out east of Rochester. Many of the detailed topographic features of the depression of cen-tral New York, such as drumlins, lakes, glens, old abandoned channels,etc.,

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