Identifier: keytonorthameric01coue (find matches)
Title: Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California, with which are incorporated General ornithology, an outline of the structure and classification of birds, and Field ornithology, a manual of collecting, preparing, and preserving birds
Year: 1890 (1890s)
Authors: Coues, Elliott, 1842-1899
Subjects: Birds -- North America Birds -- Collection and preservation
Publisher: Boston, D. Estes and Company
Contributing Library: American Museum of Natural History Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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diverge from the tracheal Literal line to go to ends of the bronchial semi-rings. The student will understand that my description is particular only as regards the oscinesyrinx ; that in birds at large every possible modification, almost, of lower tracheal and upperbronchial rings occurs, and with various musculation, or with none. The non-oscine rule forthe muscles is, one on each side, if any ; and insertion into mid-parts, not ends, of the bronchialhalf-rings. The latter character chiefiy distinguislies the non-oscine syrinx when it has sev-eral nuiscles. As to situations of the syrinx, tliree have been recognized : the ordinary broncho-tracheal, in formation of which both bronchi and trachea take part; the tracheal, only knownto occur in some American Passeres, as in Ihumnophilks and Opetiorhynchus, situated whollyin the trachea, the lower part of wliicli is extensively membranous ; and the bronchial, wliollyin the bronchi, as iu Crotuphaya and Steatornis. 212 GENERAL ORNITHOLOGY.
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Fig. 101 — Respiratory and vocal organs of the Rook, Corvus frugilegus, an Oscine Passerine bird; nat. size,after Macgillivray. 1. a, tongue; ft, basi-brancliial, commonly called uro-hyal; c, c, horns of hyoid bone; d.<l,genio-hyoid muscles; e, e, stylo-hyoid muscles; /,/, cleido-hyoid muscles; g. h, i, oesophagus; j, proventriculus;or secretory stomach; k, gizzard, or gigerium, the muscular stomach; ;, m, n, n, intestine, duodenum to rectum ; THE ANATOMY OF BIRDS.—PNEUMATOLOGY. 213 o,p, tracliea, or windpipe ; q, inferior larynx, or syrinx ; r, r, right and left bronchus : ss, ss, contractor musclesof trachea; t, t, lungs, with «, u, apertures communicating with thoracic air-cells ; v, r, r, three pairs of muscularslips answering to a rudimentary diaphragm; 1,2,3, 4, 5,6, 7, as many ribs. — 2. Hyoid bone; a, glosso-hyal, tippedwith cartilage, its posterior horns being cerato-hyals proper; b, ba^i-hyal; c, basi-branchial proper, commonlycalled uro-hyal; rf, d, cerato-branchi

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