Identifier: n02radium16came (find matches)
Title: Radium
Year: 1913 (1910s)
Authors: Cameron, William Herron, 1874- ed Viol, Charles Herman, 1886- ed
Subjects: Radioactivity Radium Radium
Publisher: Pittsburgh (Radium Chemical Co., etc.)
Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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addition he uses threeplatinum tubes, i mm. thick, covered with rubber, in the utero-cervicalcanal, giving a total dose of 3,000 mc.-hours. In cases in which thefundus is involved he applies the abdominal pack at a distance of 10cm. from the skin, giving a dose of 20,000 mc.-hours. Both methods lead to good immediate results. Which method givesthe better ultimate result, in particular as regards the percentage of re-currences, remains to be seen. For the treatment of cancer of the bladder some special instru-ments have been designed by Dr. Benjamin S. Barringer. With the,eit is possible to irradiate a bladder tumor under direct observation, orto insert a steel needle, or bury bare tubes into it, without opening thebladder. The instruments are made of steel helices and are used in theslieath of a Brown Buerger operative cystoscope in the same way thatspecimen forceps are used. One has a pocket at the end to contain thestrong emanation tubes; the other has a suitable end and plunger for
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FIG. 8.—Flexible instruments for the insertion of tubes into the bladilerper urethra with the aid of a cystoscope. Specimen forceps are shownfor comparison of size. 28 !Radium the insertion of bare tubes into the tumor. In cases where the carcinoma is Hmited, and the Hmits are seenplainly through the cystoscope, the following methods have been used:(i) From 500 to 1,000 mc. of unscreened radium emanation is placedin the tip of the suitable flexible instrument. This is passed into thebladder through a cystoscope and the emanation is held against thetumor under direct observation. The largest dose given in this mannerhas been about 650 mc.-hours. (2) When there is no danger of per-forating the bladder wall the flexible instrument may have a steel needleat the end, which is inserted into the base of the tumor and is kept mplace for the required length of time. Doses of 100 mc.-hours, or 50mc. for two hours, have been given. (3) The same instrument, suppliedwith a suitable plunger, may

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