Identifier: smithsonianmisce1041947smit (find matches)
Title: Smithsonian miscellaneous collections
Year: 1862 (1860s)
Authors: Smithsonian Institution
Subjects: Science
Publisher: Washington : Smithsonian Institution
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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r). In the Cyclorrhaphaand some of the Brachycera, the median, muscle-bearing plate of theclypeus becomes isolated by a membranization of the surroundingclypeal area, and is thus flexible on its hinge with the frons. Theclypeal plate in such cases takes on various shapes, but in the Cyclor-rhapha it has typically the form of an inverted V (fig. 28 A, dp),sometimes with an accessory hinge plate (D, h) uniting it with thefrons. To brace the now unsupported clypeus against the pull ofthe dilator muscles of the pump, the clypeal ridges (G, cr) have beenextended inward as a pair of plates (H, Ipl) that unite with the edgesof the pump (CbP). The whole structure, or so-called fulcrum,is thus movably suspended in the peripheral clypeal membrane ofthe rostrum, but is hinged to the frons by the upper edge of theclypeal plate, or by an intervening hinge plate, and hence swingsforward or backward with the protraction or retraction of the probos-cis. no. 7 BITING AND SUCKING INSECTS—SNODGRASS 71
Text Appearing After Image:
C Hphy K liy J Fig. 28.—Special features of the feeding apparatus in cyclorrhaphous flies. A, head of a female house fly, Miisca domestica L., with proboscis extended.B, under surface of the labellar disk of a female blow fly, Calliphora. C, pro-boscis of Philaematomyia crassirostris (Stein) (insignis Austen), with stronglydeveloped prestomal teeth (from Austen, 1909). D, fulcrum and associatedparts of Calliphora, left side. E, cross section of the hyoid of Calliphora. F,cross section of the haustellum of a female house fly. G, diagrammatic crosssection through clypeus and cibarial pump of a horse fly (see fig. 25 I). H,corresponding section of the fulcrum of a cyclorrhaphous fly. I, labrum,hypopharynx, siphon, and cibarial pump of a stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans(L.), posterior surface. J, showing relation of the siphon to bases of labrumand hypopharynx in the stable fly, left side. K, clypeus and cibarial pump ofMydas clavatus Drury, a brachycerous fly. Ant, antenna; CbP, cibaria

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