62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. .Jan. 19,
portion of the beds immediately underlying is exposed and accessible.
Thus exposed, the sandstone No. 5 shows, on the beach, a stump
1 foot in height and 1 foot in diameter, having its surface-markings
destroyed by the sea, but retaining two distinctly marked Stigmaria
roots, one of them bifurcating at the distance of 2 feet from the
stump. In the cliff are seen, in the same bed, Calamites, rooted and
erect, a plant-stem, somewhat inclined, but apparently having roots
attached, and a large vertical tree, 2 feet in diameter at base, and
fluted irregularly, but without leaf-scars. This tree springs from the
coal No. 6, and extends to the top of No. 5, but the Calamites and
stems of some unknown plant are rooted at a higher level, and there
are Stigmaria roots, apparently in situ, at three distinct levels in the
sandstone. One of these levels corresponds to the broken tops of the
Calamite stems, another to their base, and the third apparently to
the roots of the first stump seen on the beach. These appearances
are shown in the following section, which represents these fossils as
seen from the shore above mentioned, which follows the strike of the
beds.
Section of part of the South Joggins Strata.
x-
^^mmm^m^^^^^^^SSy
4, 5, 6, 7, beds referred to in the foregoing list of strata.
a, Calamites. c, Stigmaria roots.
A, stem of plant, undetermined. d, Sigillaria trunk, 9 feet high.
In tracing this bed a little beyond the large tree represented in the
section, see fig., we found on the beach another fossil tree, 22 inches in
diameter, which had fallen from the bed No. 5, and had no doubt occu-
pied a position similar to that of the large tree still standing. It was
a cyhndrical cast in sandstone, having on the surface flutings like those
of Sigillaria, but without leaf-scars. In the lower part of the cast, the
sandstone contained a large quantity of vegetable fragments, as above
mentioned (p. 59), principally pieces of carbonized wood, leaves of
Nceggerathia or Poacitesi, and stems of Calamites. With these
vegetable remains we found the bones, jaws, teeth, &c. before alluded
to, all distinctly within the lower part of the cast, and scattered
among the vegetable fragments contained in it, as if either washed in
in separate pieces, or, more probably, mixed with the woody matter,
when the animal fell to pieces through decay. A part of the vege-
table matter present must have been introduced after the tree became